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windows服务器热备、负载均衡配置

news 2025/8/5 15:49:45

安装网络负载平衡

需要加入的服务器上全部需要安装网络负载平衡管理器

图形化安装：使用服务器管理器安装

在服务器管理器中，使用“添加角色和功能”向导添加网络负载均衡功能。完成向导后，将安装 NLB，并且不需要重启计算机。

找到控制面板在控制面版中找到下图选项，点击启用或关闭windows功能

点击进入，找到下图中标记的位置，点击进入添加功能

在所有选择中找到下图的选项。点击下一步

确认选择的安装组件，然后点击安装。

等待安装完成

安装完成之后，关闭（安装成功后需重启计算机）。

命令行、脚本安装

安装方式1

REM 启用网络负载平衡管理器
dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:NetworkLoadBalancingFullServer  /norestart
REM 禁用网络负载平衡管理器
dism.exe /online /disable-feature /featurename:NetworkLoadBalancingFullServer  /norestart

安装方式2

使用 Windows PowerShell 安装

若要使用 Windows PowerShell 安装 NLB，请在要安装 NLB 的计算机上，在提升的 Windows PowerShell 提示符处运行以下命令。

PowerShell复制

Install-WindowsFeature NLB -IncludeManagementTools

安装完成后，无需重启计算机。

配置网络负载平衡

图形化配置

在开始菜单中搜索网络负载平衡管理器，找到组件选项，打开。

下图是进入之后的页面，鼠标右键点击“网络负载平衡管理器”。

新建集群

填写好创建集群的电脑IP地址进行连接，之后下方选项栏里会出现本机服务器的网卡，选择要进行集群的网卡，然后点击下一步。

选择本机电脑所添加的优先级别（后续添加完成之后是可以修改的）选择之后，点击下一步

点击添加

图中IPv4地址,是这个集群的虚拟ip（VIP）设置好之后点击确定

确认添加成功之后点击下一步

根据实际情况选择单播，或者多播，选择完成之后点击下一步

单播和多播的区别：

VMware Knowledge Base

点击完成之后，集群就已经建立成功了。

在点击刚建立好的集群，可以看到状态，状态为“已启用”说明集群创建完成了

集群主机主动添加另一台主机进入集群

搜索需要进入这个集群的服务器IP，选择好网卡之后，点击下一步

点击链接的时候报错如下

解决办法： https://blog.51cto.com/149banzhang/835118

选择优先级，点击下一步

点击完成，加入主机完成

待加入集群服务器搜索集群加入

在使用另一台需要进入集群的服务器搜索创建的集群IP，加入集群。

输入搜索要加入的集群IP，在下图群集中可以看到搜索到的集群，选择要加入的集群，点击完成进入集群

命令行、脚本配置

脚本代码

REM 待补充

Network Load Balancing (NLB) Cmdlets in Windows PowerShell

Windows PowerShell® 是基于任务的命令行 shell 和脚本语言，专为系统管理而设计。本参考主题面向信息技术 (IT) 专业人员，可在利用 Windows PowerShell cmdlet 编写脚本和对任务实施自动化时提供协助。

cmdlet	Description
Add-NlbClusterNode	Adds a new node to the Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster.
Add-NlbClusterNodeDip	Adds a dedicated IP address to a Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster.
Add-NlbClusterPortRule	Adds a new port rule to a Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster.
Add-NlbClusterVip	Adds a virtual IP address to a Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster.
Disable-NlbClusterPortRule	Disables a port rule on a Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster or on a specific host in the cluster.
Enable-NlbClusterPortRule	Enables a port rule on a Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster or on a specific node in the cluster.
Get-NlbCluster	Retrieves information about the Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster object that is queried by the caller.
Get-NlbClusterDriverInfo	Retrieves information about the Network Load Balancing (NLB) driver on the local machine.
Get-NlbClusterNode	Retrieves information about the Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster object that is queried by the caller.
Get-NlbClusterNodeDip	Retrieves the dedicated IP address that is queried by the caller.
Get-NlbClusterNodeNetworkInterface	Retrieves information about interfaces, including information about the Network Load Balancing (NLB) driver, on a host.
Get-NlbClusterPortRule	Retrieves the port rule objects that are queried by the caller.
Get-NlbClusterVip	Retrieves virtual IP addresses that are queried by the caller.
New-NlbCluster	Creates a Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster on the specified interface that is defined by the node and network adapter name.
New-NlbClusterIpv6Address	Generates IPv6 addresses to create cluster virtual IP addresses or node dedicated IP addresses.
Remove-NlbCluster	Deletes a Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster.
Remove-NlbClusterNode	Removes a node from the Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster.
Remove-NlbClusterNodeDip	Removes a dedicate IP address from a Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster.
Remove-NlbClusterPortRule	Removes a port rule from a Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster.
Remove-NlbClusterVip	Removes a virtual IP address from a Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster.
Resume-NlbCluster	Resumes all nodes in a Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster.
Resume-NlbClusterNode	Resumes the node in a Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster that was suspended.
Set-NlbCluster	Edits the configuration of a Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster.
Set-NlbClusterNode	Edits the Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster node settings.
Set-NlbClusterNodeDip	Edits the dedicated IP address of a Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster.
Set-NlbClusterPortRule	Edits the port rules for a Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster.
Set-NlbClusterPortRuleNodeHandlingPriority	Sets the host priority of a port rule for a specific Network Load Balancing (NLB) node.
Set-NlbClusterPortRuleNodeWeight	Sets the load weight of a port rule for a specific Network Load Balancing (NLB) node.
Set-NlbClusterVip	Edits the virtual IP address of a Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster.
Start-NlbCluster	Starts all nodes in a Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster.
Start-NlbClusterNode	Starts a Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster node.
Stop-NlbCluster	Stops all nodes of a Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster.
Stop-NlbClusterNode	Stops a node in a Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster.
Suspend-NlbCluster	Suspends all nodes of a Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster.
Suspend-NlbClusterNode	Suspends a specific node in a Network Load Balancing (NLB) cluster.