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【源码解析】SpringBoot自动装配的实现原理

news 2025/7/28 9:00:46

什么是SpringBoot的自动装配

SpringBoot在启动的时候会扫描外部jar包中的META-INF/spring.factories文件，将文件中配置的类信息按照条件装配到Spring容器中。
在这里插入图片描述

实现原理

核心注解@SpringBootApplication

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM,classes = {TypeExcludeFilter.class}
), @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM,classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class}
)}
)
public @interface SpringBootApplication {

@Target指定注解的作用范围
@Retention指定注解的保留策略
@Documented该注解会被文档化
@Inherited父类的注解能够被子类继承
@SpringBootConfiguration把 @Configuration 注解做一个包装。
@ComponentScan指定扫描的策略
@EnableAutoConfiguration实现自动装配的核心注解

@EnableAutoConfiguration

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";Class<?>[] exclude() default {};String[] excludeName() default {};
}

AutoConfigurationImportSelector#selectImports，获取到配置的类集合。

    public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {return NO_IMPORTS;} else {AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = this.getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());}}

AutoConfigurationImportSelector#getAutoConfigurationEntry，读取META-INF/spring.factories，获取配置类的集合，并进行合理的过滤。

protected AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {return EMPTY_ENTRY;} else {AnnotationAttributes attributes = this.getAttributes(annotationMetadata);List<String> configurations = this.getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);configurations = this.removeDuplicates(configurations);Set<String> exclusions = this.getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);this.checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);configurations.removeAll(exclusions);configurations = this.getConfigurationClassFilter().filter(configurations);this.fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);return new AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);}
}protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(this.getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), this.getBeanClassLoader());Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");return configurations;}

Spring Boot 通过@EnableAutoConfiguration开启自动装配，通过 SpringFactoriesLoader 最终加载META-INF/spring.factories中的自动配置类实现自动装配，自动配置类其实就是通过@Conditional按需加载的配置类，想要其生效必须引入spring-boot-starter-xxx包实现起步依赖。

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