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极简c++（7）类的继承

news 2025/7/10 5:03:37

为什么要用继承

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子类不必复制父类的任何属性，已经继承下来了；易于维护与编写；

类的继承与派生

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访问控制规则

一般只使用Public！
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构造函数的继承与析构函数的继承

构造函数不被继承！
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在创建子类对象的时候，会先调用父类的构造函数，再调用子类的构造函数
在消亡子类对象的时候，会先调用子类的析构函数，再调用父类的析构函数

派生类构造函数

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派生类析构函数

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作业

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main.cpp

#include "shape.h"
#include "circle.h"
#include "rectangle.h"
#include "roundrectangle.h" 
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
/* run this program using the console pauser or add your own getch, system("pause") or input loop */int main(void) {shape myshape1("red");myshape1.display();circle mycircle1;mycircle1.display();circle mycircle2("red",2);mycircle2.display();Rectangle myrectangle1("green",2,3);myrectangle1.display();RoundRectangle myroundrectangle1("yeelow",2,3,1);myroundrectangle1.display();return 0;
}

shape.cpp

#include "shape.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;		shape::shape():color("white"){cout<<"无参创建shape"<<endl;}shape::shape(string color){this->color = color;cout<<"有参创建shape"<<endl;}shape::~shape(){cout<<"消亡shape"<<endl;}string shape::getColor(){return this->color;}void shape::setcolor(char color){this->color = color;}void shape::display(){cout<<"color:"<<getColor()<<endl;}

shape.h

#ifndef SHAPE_H
#define SHAPE_H
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class shape{private:string color;public:shape();shape(string color);~shape();string getColor();void setcolor(char color);void display();
};#endif

circle.cpp

#include "circle.h"
#include "shape.h"
#include <iostream>const double pi = 3.14;circle::circle(){radius = 1;cout<<"无参创建circle"<<endl;}circle::circle(string color,double radius):shape(color){this->radius = radius;cout<<"有参创建circle"<<endl;}circle::~circle(){cout<<"消亡circle"<<endl;}double circle::getRadius(){return this->radius;}void circle::setradius(double radius){this->radius = radius;	}double circle::getArea(){return pi*radius*radius;}void circle::display(){shape::display();cout<<"R="<<getRadius()<<","<<"Area="<<getArea()<<endl;}

circle.h

#ifndef CIRCLE_H
#define CIRCLE_H
#include <string>
#include "shape.h"class circle:public shape{private:double radius;public:circle();circle(string color,double radius);~circle();double getRadius();void setradius(double radius);double getArea();void display();
};#endif

rectangle.cpp

#include "rectangle.h"
#include "shape.h"
#include <iostream>Rectangle::Rectangle(){width = 1;height = 1;cout<<"无参创建Rectangle"<<endl;}Rectangle::Rectangle(string color,double width,double height):shape(color){this->width = width;this->height = height;cout<<"有参创建Rectangle"<<endl; }Rectangle::~Rectangle(){cout<<"消亡Rectangle"<<endl;}double Rectangle::getWidth(){return width; }double Rectangle::getHeight(){return height;}void Rectangle::setWidth(double width){this->width = width;}void Rectangle::setHeight(double height){this->height = height;}double Rectangle::getArea(){return width*height;}void Rectangle::display(){shape::display();cout<<"width="<<getWidth()<<","<<"Height="<<getHeight()<<","<<"Area="<<getArea()<<endl;}

rectangle.h

#ifndef RECTANGLE_H
#define RECTANGLE_H
#include <string>
#include "shape.h"class Rectangle:public shape{private:double width;double height;public:Rectangle();Rectangle(string color,double width,double height);~Rectangle();double getWidth();double getHeight();void setWidth(double width);void setHeight(double height);double getArea();void display();
};#endif

roundrectangle.cpp

#include "roundrectangle.h"
#include "rectangle.h"
#include"shape.h"
#include <iostream>RoundRectangle::RoundRectangle(){this->roundRadius = 1;cout<<"无参创建RoundRectangle"<<endl; }RoundRectangle::RoundRectangle(string color,double width,double height,double roundRadius):Rectangle(color,width,height){this->roundRadius = roundRadius;cout<<"有参创建RoundRectangle"<<endl;}RoundRectangle::~RoundRectangle(){cout<<"消亡RoundRectangle"<<endl; }double RoundRectangle::getRoundradius(){return roundRadius;}void RoundRectangle::setRoundradius(double roundRadius){this->roundRadius = roundRadius;}double RoundRectangle::getArea(){return Rectangle::getWidth()*Rectangle::getHeight()+(3.14*roundRadius*roundRadius)/2;}void RoundRectangle::display(){shape::display();cout<<"width="<<Rectangle::getWidth()<<","<<"Height="<<Rectangle::getHeight()<<","<<"Area="<<getArea()<<endl;}

roundrectangle.h

#ifndef ROUNDRECTANGLE_H
#define ROUNDRECTANGLE_H
#include <string>
#include "rectangle.h"class RoundRectangle:public Rectangle{private:double roundRadius;public:RoundRectangle();RoundRectangle(string color,double width,double height,double roundRadius);~RoundRectangle();double getRoundradius();void setRoundradius(double roundRadius);double getArea();void display();
};#endif