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ThreeJS-3D教学五-材质

news 2025/7/6 3:12:19

我们在ThreeJS-3D教学二：基础形状展示中有简单介绍过一些常用的材质，这次我们举例来具体看下效果：
在这里插入图片描述
代码是这样的：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Title</title><style>body {width: 100%;height: 100%;}* {margin: 0;padding: 0;}.label {font-size: 20px;color: #000;font-weight: 700;}</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="container"></div>
<script type="importmap">{"imports": {"three": "../three-155/build/three.module.js","three/addons/": "../three-155/examples/jsm/"}}
</script>
<script type="module">
import * as THREE from 'three';
import Stats from 'three/addons/libs/stats.module.js';
import { OrbitControls } from 'three/addons/controls/OrbitControls.js';
import { GPUStatsPanel } from 'three/addons/utils/GPUStatsPanel.js';
import { CSS2DRenderer, CSS2DObject } from 'three/addons/renderers/CSS2DRenderer.js';
let stats, labelRenderer, gpuPanel, spotLight;
let camera, scene, renderer, controls, earth;
const group = new THREE.Group();
let widthImg = 200;
let heightImg = 200;
let time = 0;
init();
initHelp();
initLight();
axesHelperWord();
animate();
// 添加平面
addPlane();
addBox();function addBox() {/*** 凹凸贴图可以使纹理也有厚度，看起来更立体。凹凸贴图一般使用一张灰度图，设置成材料的bumpMap属性* */const loader = new THREE.TextureLoader();loader.load("../materials/line_images/stone.jpg", texture => {loader.load("../materials/line_images/stone-bump.jpg",bumpTexture => {const boxGeo = new THREE.BoxGeometry(60, 60, 2);const material = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({map: texture,bumpMap: bumpTexture,bumpScale: 1});const box = new THREE.Mesh(boxGeo,material);box.position.set(-45, 10, 0);box.castShadow = true;scene.add(box);});});/*** 法向贴图使用一张法向图来表示纹理图片某个点的法向量。即用一张图片保存另一张图片的法向量信息，* 然后再在threejs中将这两个图片的信息合在一起，就形成了一个细节丰富的立体纹理* 设置材质的 normalMap 属性* */loader.load("../materials/line_images/normal2.jpg", texture => {loader.load("../materials/line_images/normal1.jpg", bumpTexture => {const boxGeo = new THREE.BoxGeometry(60, 60, 2);const material = new THREE.MeshStandardMaterial({map: texture,normalMap: bumpTexture});// material.normalScale.set(1, 1)const box = new THREE.Mesh(boxGeo,material);box.position.set(45, 10, 0);box.castShadow = true;scene.add(box);});});// 高光贴图loader.load("../materials/line_images/earth.jpg",textureNormal => {loader.load("../materials/line_images/earthSpec.png", textureSpec => {const meterial = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({shininess: 5, //高光部分的亮度，默认30map: textureNormal, // 普通纹理贴图specularMap: textureSpec, // 高光贴图specular: '#fff' // 高光部分的颜色});/**SphereGeometry（radius：浮点，widthSegments：整数，heightSegments：整数）radius——球体半径。默认值为1。widthSegments—水平线段的数量。最小值为3，默认值为32。heightSegments—垂直线段的数量。最小值为2，默认值为16。*/const earthGeo = new THREE.SphereGeometry(15, 50, 50);earth = new THREE.Mesh(earthGeo, meterial);earth.position.set(0, 15, 70);earth.castShadow = true;scene.add(earth);});});
}function addPlane() {// 创建一个平面 PlaneGeometry(width, height, widthSegments, heightSegments)const planeGeometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(widthImg, heightImg, 1, 1);// 创建 Lambert 材质：会对场景中的光源作出反应，但表现为暗淡，而不光亮。const planeMaterial = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({color: 0xb2d3e6,side: THREE.DoubleSide});const plane = new THREE.Mesh(planeGeometry, planeMaterial);// 以自身中心为旋转轴，绕 x 轴顺时针旋转 45 度plane.rotation.x = -0.5 * Math.PI;plane.position.set(0, -4, 0);plane.castShadow = true;plane.receiveShadow = true;scene.add(plane);
}function init() {camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera( 70, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 10, 1000 );camera.up.set(0, 1, 0);camera.position.set(60, 40, 60);camera.lookAt(0, 0, 0);scene = new THREE.Scene();scene.background = new THREE.Color( '#ccc' );renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer( { antialias: true } );renderer.setPixelRatio( window.devicePixelRatio );renderer.setSize( window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight );renderer.shadowMap.enabled = true;renderer.shadowMap.type = THREE.PCFSoftShadowMap;renderer.toneMapping = THREE.ACESFilmicToneMapping;// 色调映射的曝光级别renderer.toneMappingExposure = 1;document.body.appendChild( renderer.domElement );labelRenderer = new CSS2DRenderer();labelRenderer.setSize( window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight );labelRenderer.domElement.style.position = 'absolute';labelRenderer.domElement.style.top = '0px';labelRenderer.domElement.style.pointerEvents = 'none';document.getElementById( 'container' ).appendChild( labelRenderer.domElement );controls = new OrbitControls( camera, renderer.domElement );// 设置最大最小视距controls.minDistance = 20;controls.maxDistance = 1000;window.addEventListener( 'resize', onWindowResize );stats = new Stats();stats.setMode(1); // 0: fps, 1: msdocument.body.appendChild( stats.dom );gpuPanel = new GPUStatsPanel( renderer.getContext() );stats.addPanel( gpuPanel );stats.showPanel( 0 );scene.add( group );
}function initLight() {const targetObject = new THREE.Object3D();targetObject.position.set(0, 0, 0);scene.add(targetObject);spotLight = new THREE.SpotLight(0xffffff);spotLight.position.set(0, 80, 150);spotLight.target = targetObject;spotLight.angle = Math.PI / 4;spotLight.intensity = 500;spotLight.penumbra = 1;spotLight.decay = 1;spotLight.distance = 300;// spotLight.map = textures['uv_grid_opengl.jpg'];spotLight.castShadow = true;spotLight.shadow.mapSize.width = 1024;spotLight.shadow.mapSize.height = 1024;spotLight.shadow.camera.near = 1;spotLight.shadow.camera.far = 200;spotLight.shadow.focus = 1;scene.add(spotLight);const lightHelper = new THREE.SpotLightHelper(spotLight);scene.add(lightHelper);const AmbientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(new THREE.Color('rgb(255, 255, 255)'));scene.add( AmbientLight );
}function initHelp() {// const size = 100;// const divisions = 5;// const gridHelper = new THREE.GridHelper( size, divisions );// scene.add( gridHelper );// The X axis is red. The Y axis is green. The Z axis is blue.const axesHelper = new THREE.AxesHelper( 100 );scene.add( axesHelper );
}function axesHelperWord() {let xP = addWord('X轴');let yP = addWord('Y轴');let zP = addWord('Z轴');xP.position.set(50, 0, 0);yP.position.set(0, 50, 0);zP.position.set(0, 0, 50);
}function addWord(word) {let name = `<span>${word}</span>`;let moonDiv = document.createElement( 'div' );moonDiv.className = 'label';// moonDiv.textContent = 'Moon';// moonDiv.style.marginTop = '-1em';moonDiv.innerHTML = name;const label = new CSS2DObject( moonDiv );group.add( label );return label;
}function onWindowResize() {camera.aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;camera.updateProjectionMatrix();renderer.setSize( window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight );
}function animate() {requestAnimationFrame( animate );if (earth) {time += 0.00005;earth.rotateY(time);}stats.update();controls.update();labelRenderer.render( scene, camera );renderer.render( scene, camera );
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

图片我依次放进来，方便大家本地看效果