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Docker 部署 MongoDB 服务

news 2025/8/23 18:28:06

拉取最新版本的 MongoDB 镜像：

$ sudo docker pull mongo:latest

在本地预先创建好 db 和 configdb 目录, 用于映射 MongoDB 容器内的 /data/db 和 /data/configdb 目录。

使用以下命令来运行 MongoDB 容器:

$ sudo docker run -itd --name mongo --privileged=true -p 27017:27017 -v /home/ubuntu/docker/mongo/db:/data/db -v /home/ubuntu/docker/mongo/configdb:/data/configdb docker.io/mongo:latest --auth

-itd (以交互的方式，新建一个模拟终端运行容器)
- -i (在后台运行容器，并且打印容器ID)
- -t (分配一个伪TTY)
- -d (保持STDIN打开状态)
--name (给容器起一个名字方便管理)
--privileged=true (使容器内的 root 拥有真正的 root 权限)
-p 27017:27017 (将容器的27017端口映射到主机的27017端口)
-v /home/ubuntu/docker/mongo/db:/data/db (文件挂载目录)
-v /home/ubuntu/docker/mongo/configdb:/data/configdb (配置文件路径)
--auth (需要密码才能访问容器服务)

通过 docker ps 命令查看容器的运行信息：

$ sudo docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                       COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                  PORTS                                               NAMES
b0fb7817a762   mongo:latest                "docker-entrypoint.s…"   50 seconds ago   Up 50 seconds           0.0.0.0:27017->27017/tcp, :::27017->27017/tcp       mongo

使用以下命令添加用户并设置密码:

$ sudo docker exec -it mongo mongosh admin
Current Mongosh Log ID: 65085540d0acf268bdf76e9c
Connecting to:          mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/admin?directConnection=true&serverSelectionTimeoutMS=2000&appName=mongosh+1.10.6
Using MongoDB:          7.0.1
Using Mongosh:          1.10.6For mongosh info see: https://docs.mongodb.com/mongodb-shell/To help improve our products, anonymous usage data is collected and sent to MongoDB periodically (https://www.mongodb.com/legal/privacy-policy).
You can opt-out by running the disableTelemetry() command.admin> db.createUser({user:'admin', pwd:'用户admin的密码', roles:[{role:'userAdminAnyDatabase',db:'admin'},{role:'readWriteAnyDatabase',db:'admin'}]});
{ ok: 1 }
admin> db.auth('admin', '用户admin的密码')
{ ok: 1 }
admin> exit

使用 mongosh 连接和断开 MongoDB 数据库:

$ sudo docker exec -it mongo mongosh --port 27017 -u 'admin' -p '用户admin的密码' --authenticationDatabase 'admin'
Current Mongosh Log ID: 65085721cfe61730ead44cfd
Connecting to:          mongodb://<credentials>@127.0.0.1:27017/?directConnection=true&serverSelectionTimeoutMS=2000&authSource=admin&appName=mongosh+1.10.6
Using MongoDB:          7.0.1
Using Mongosh:          1.10.6For mongosh info see: https://docs.mongodb.com/mongodb-shell/test> exit

上面创建用户时少添加了 dbAdminAnyDatabase 角色, 所以现在修改用户的权限:

$ sudo docker exec -it mongo mongosh admin
Current Mongosh Log ID: 6508588447e7463f155ee1da
Connecting to:          mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/admin?directConnection=true&serverSelectionTimeoutMS=2000&appName=mongosh+1.10.6
Using MongoDB:          7.0.1
Using Mongosh:          1.10.6For mongosh info see: https://docs.mongodb.com/mongodb-shell/admin> db.auth('admin', '用户admin的密码')
{ ok: 1 }
admin> db.updateUser('admin', {roles:[{role:'userAdminAnyDatabase',db:'admin'},{role:'readWriteAnyDatabase',db:'admin'},{role:'dbAdminAnyDatabase',db:'admin'}]});
{ ok: 1 }
admin> exit