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机器学习实战-系列教程8：SVM分类实战3非线性SVM（鸢尾花数据集/软间隔/线性SVM/非线性SVM/scikit-learn框架）项目实战、代码解读

news 2025/7/26 20:32:50

🌈🌈🌈机器学习实战系列总目录

本篇文章的代码运行界面均在Pycharm中进行
本篇文章配套的代码资源已经上传

SVM分类实战1之简单SVM分类
SVM分类实战2线性SVM
SVM分类实战3非线性SVM

4、非线性SVM

4.1 创建非线性数据

from sklearn.datasets import make_moons 
X, y = make_moons(n_samples=100, noise=0.15, random_state=42)def plot_dataset(X, y, axes):plt.plot(X[:, 0][y==0], X[:, 1][y==0], "bs")plt.plot(X[:, 0][y==1], X[:, 1][y==1], "g^")plt.axis(axes)plt.grid(True, which='both')plt.xlabel(r"$x_1$", fontsize=20)plt.ylabel(r"$x_2$", fontsize=20, rotation=0)plot_dataset(X, y, [-1.5, 2.5, -1, 1.5])
plt.show()

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4.2 分类预测

from sklearn.datasets import make_moons
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
from sklearn.preprocessing import PolynomialFeatures
polynomial_svm_clf=Pipeline((("poly_features",PolynomialFeatures(degree=3)),("scaler",StandardScaler()),("svm_clf",LinearSVC(C=10,loss="hinge"))))
polynomial_svm_clf.fit(X,y)

使用PolynomialFeatures模块进行预处理，使用这个可以增加数据维度
polynomial_svm_clf.fit(X,y)对当前进行训练传进去X和y数据

def plot_predictions(clf,axes):x0s = np.linspace(axes[0],axes[1],100)x1s = np.linspace(axes[2],axes[3],100)x0,x1 = np.meshgrid(x0s,x1s)X = np.c_[x0.ravel(),x1.ravel()]y_pred = clf.predict(X).reshape(x0.shape)plt.contourf(x0,x1,y_pred,cmap=plt.cm.brg,alpha=0.2)plot_predictions(polynomial_svm_clf,[-1.5,2.5,-1,1.5])
plot_dataset(X,y,[-1.5,2.5,-1,1.5])

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5、核函数

5.1 核函数

from sklearn.svm import SVCpoly_kernel_svm_clf = Pipeline([("scaler", StandardScaler()),("svm_clf", SVC(kernel="poly", degree=3, coef0=1, C=5))])poly_kernel_svm_clf.fit(X, y)

poly100_kernel_svm_clf = Pipeline([("scaler", StandardScaler()),("svm_clf", SVC(kernel="poly", degree=10, coef0=100, C=5))])poly100_kernel_svm_clf.fit(X, y)

plt.figure(figsize=(11, 4))plt.subplot(121)
plot_predictions(poly_kernel_svm_clf, [-1.5, 2.5, -1, 1.5])
plot_dataset(X, y, [-1.5, 2.5, -1, 1.5])
plt.title(r"$d=3, r=1, C=5$", fontsize=18)plt.subplot(122)
plot_predictions(poly100_kernel_svm_clf, [-1.5, 2.5, -1, 1.5])
plot_dataset(X, y, [-1.5, 2.5, -1, 1.5])
plt.title(r"$d=10, r=100, C=5$", fontsize=18)plt.show()