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CUDA小白 - NPP(3) 图像处理 Color and Sampling Conversion

news 2025/7/6 11:02:57

cuda小白
原始API链接 NPP

GPU架构近些年也有不少的变化，具体的可以参考别的博主的介绍，都比较详细。还有一些cuda中的专有名词的含义，可以参考《详解CUDA的Context、Stream、Warp、SM、SP、Kernel、Block、Grid》

常见的NppStatus，可以看这里。

如有问题，请指出，谢谢

本节内容主要涉及到使用NPP进行一些图像色域变换等，类似功能的就不细说，仅针对一些常见的。由于Debayer，不同yuv之间的转换（Color Sampling Format Conversion），Gamma校正，Complement Color Key（一直不清楚这个啥）以及Color Processing（调色相关）的接触不对，后面就不介绍了，按需。

Color Model Conversion

当前模块主要涉及到的RGB，BGR，YUV，YUV420，YUV422，NV12，YCbCr，YCbCr422和YCbCr420之间的相互转换，以及批处理（分为同样ROI和不同ROI两个接口）的接口。其他还有一些未接触过的XYZ，LUV，Lab，YCC，CMYK_JPEG，HLS，HSV等与RGB或者BGR之间的转换。
本文就那比较简单的转换，以为RGB和YUV之间的相互转换为例子。

// 此处介绍的RGB和YUV都是三通道的，如果是packed的相互转换，则后缀是C3R，如果都是planar的，则后缀是P3R，反之则是P3C3R或者C3P3R。
// =========== RGB2YUV原理 ===========
// Npp32f nY =  0.299F * R + 0.587F * G + 0.114F * B; 
// Npp32f nU = (0.492F * ((Npp32f)nB - nY)) + 128.0F;
// Npp32f nV = (0.877F * ((Npp32f)nR - nY)) + 128.0F;
// if (nV > 255.0F) 
//     nV = 255.0F; 
NppStatus nppiRGBToYUV_8u_C3R(const Npp8u *pSrc,int nSrcStep,Npp8u *pDst,int nDstStep,NppiSize oSizeROI);// =========== RGB2YUV原理 ===========
// Npp32f nY = (Npp32f)Y;
// Npp32f nU = (Npp32f)U - 128.0F;
// Npp32f nV = (Npp32f)V - 128.0F;
// Npp32f nR = nY + 1.140F * nV; 
// if (nR < 0.0F)    nR = 0.0F;
// if (nR > 255.0F)  nR = 255.0F;    
// Npp32f nG = nY - 0.394F * nU - 0.581F * nV;
// if (nG < 0.0F)    nG = 0.0F;
// if (nG > 255.0F)  nG = 255.0F;    
// Npp32f nB = nY + 2.032F * nU;
// if (nB < 0.0F)    nB = 0.0F;
// if (nB > 255.0F)  nB = 255.0F;    
NppStatus nppiYUVToRGB_8u_C3R(const Npp8u *pSrc,int nSrcStep,Npp8u *pDst,int nDstStep,NppiSize oSizeROI);

code

#include <iostream>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <npp.h>
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>#define CUDA_FREE(ptr) { if (ptr != nullptr) { cudaFree(ptr); ptr = nullptr; } }int main() {std::string directory = "../";// =============== load image ===============cv::Mat image_dog = cv::imread(directory + "dog.png");int image_width = image_dog.cols;int image_height = image_dog.rows;int image_size = image_width * image_height * 3;// =============== device memory ===============uint8_t *in_ptr, *yuv, *out_ptr;cudaMalloc((void**)&in_ptr, image_size * sizeof(uint8_t));cudaMalloc((void**)&yuv, image_size * sizeof(uint8_t));cudaMalloc((void**)&out_ptr, image_size * sizeof(uint8_t));cudaMemcpy(in_ptr, image_dog.data, image_size, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);NppiSize roi1, roi2;roi1.width = image_width;roi1.height = image_height;roi2.width = image_width / 2;roi2.height = image_height / 2;// =============== nppiRGBToYUV_8u_C3R ===============uint8_t *host_yuv = (uint8_t *)malloc(image_size);NppStatus status;status = nppiRGBToYUV_8u_C3R(in_ptr, image_width * 3, yuv, image_width * 3, roi1);if (status != NPP_SUCCESS) {std::cout << "[GPU] ERROR nppiRGBToYUV_8u_C3R failed, status = " << status << std::endl;return false;}cudaMemcpy(host_yuv, yuv, image_size, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);std::string out_yuv_file = directory + "yuv.bin";FILE *fp = fopen(out_yuv_file.c_str(), "wb");fwrite(host_yuv, image_size, 1, fp);fclose(fp);// =============== nppiYUVToRGB_8u_C3R ===============cv::Mat out_image = cv::Mat::zeros(image_height, image_width, CV_8UC3);status = nppiYUVToRGB_8u_C3R(yuv, image_width * 3, out_ptr, image_width * 3, roi2);if (status != NPP_SUCCESS) {std::cout << "[GPU] ERROR nppiYUVToRGB_8u_C3R failed, status = " << status << std::endl;return false;}cudaMemcpy(out_image.data, out_ptr, image_size, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);cv::imwrite(directory + "out_rgb.jpg", out_image);// freeCUDA_FREE(in_ptr)CUDA_FREE(yuv)CUDA_FREE(out_ptr)if (host_yuv != nullptr) { free(host_yuv); host_yuv = nullptr; }
}

make

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20)
project(test)find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED)
include_directories(${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS})find_package(CUDA REQUIRED)
include_directories(${CUDA_INCLUDE_DIRS})
file(GLOB CUDA_LIBS "/usr/local/cuda/lib64/*.so")add_executable(test test.cpp)
target_link_libraries(test${OpenCV_LIBS}${CUDA_LIBS}
)

result

yuv的结果，使用7yuv工具查看
请添加图片描述
使用转换之后的yuv，再转回RGB，在限定ROI之后的结果:

注意点：

可以使用7yuv进行yuv图像的查看，7yuv，下载对应的版本即可，可以体验。
还有一个接口是基于JPEG的，主要介绍的是JPEG的Color Conversion，由于平时接触较少，这里暂时不介绍了，按需取《JPEG Color Conversion》.

ColorToGray Conversion

当前模块也主要分为三个大方向：RGBToGray，ColorToGray和GradientColorToGray。三个大方向都只选取一个比较常见的进行介绍：

// nGray =  0.299F * R + 0.587F * G + 0.114F * B; 
NppStatus nppiRGBToGray_8u_C3C1R(const Npp8u *pSrc,int nSrcStep,Npp8u *pDst,int nDstStep,NppiSize oSizeROI);
// nGray =  aCoeffs[0] * R + aCoeffs[1] * G + aCoeffs[2] * B;
NppStatus nppiColorToGray_8u_C3C1R(const Npp8u *pSrc,int nSrcStep,Npp8u *pDst,int nDstStep,NppiSize oSizeROI,const Npp32f aCoeffs[3]);							 
// NppiNorm { max(inf) / sum(L1) / square root of sum of squares(L2) }
NppStatus nppiGradientColorToGray_8u_C3C1R(const Npp8u *pSrc,int nSrcStep,Npp8u *pDst,int nDstStep,NppiSize oSizeROI,NppiNorm eNorm);

code

#include <iostream>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <npp.h>
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>#define CUDA_FREE(ptr) { if (ptr != nullptr) { cudaFree(ptr); ptr = nullptr; } }int main() {std::string directory = "../";// =============== load image ===============cv::Mat image_dog = cv::imread(directory + "dog.png");cv::cvtColor(image_dog, image_dog, CV_RGB2BGR);int image_width = image_dog.cols;int image_height = image_dog.rows;int image_size = image_width * image_height;// =============== device memory ===============uint8_t *in_ptr;cudaMalloc((void**)&in_ptr, image_size * 3 * sizeof(uint8_t));cudaMemcpy(in_ptr, image_dog.data, image_size * 3 * sizeof(uint8_t), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);uint8_t *out_ptr1, *out_ptr2, *out_ptr3;cudaMalloc((void**)&out_ptr1, image_size * sizeof(uint8_t));cudaMalloc((void**)&out_ptr2, image_size * sizeof(uint8_t));cudaMalloc((void**)&out_ptr3, image_size * sizeof(uint8_t));NppiSize roi1, roi2;roi1.width = image_width;roi1.height = image_height;roi2.width = image_width / 2;roi2.height = image_height / 2;// =============== nppiRGBToGray_8u_C3C1R ===============cv::Mat out_image_gray = cv::Mat::zeros(image_height, image_width, CV_8UC1);NppStatus status;status = nppiRGBToGray_8u_C3C1R(in_ptr, image_width * 3, out_ptr1, image_width, roi1);if (status != NPP_SUCCESS) {std::cout << "[GPU] ERROR nppiRGBToGray_8u_C3C1R failed, status = " << status << std::endl;return false;}cudaMemcpy(out_image_gray.data, out_ptr1, image_size, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);cv::imwrite(directory + "rgb2gray.jpg", out_image_gray);// =============== nppiColorToGray_8u_C3C1R ===============float coeffs[3] = { 0.1f, 0.8f, 0.1f};status = nppiColorToGray_8u_C3C1R(in_ptr, image_width * 3, out_ptr2, image_width, roi1, coeffs);if (status != NPP_SUCCESS) {std::cout << "[GPU] ERROR nppiColorToGray_8u_C3C1R failed, status = " << status << std::endl;return false;}cudaMemcpy(out_image_gray.data, out_ptr2, image_size, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);cv::imwrite(directory + "color2rgb.jpg", out_image_gray);// =============== nppiGradientColorToGray_8u_C3C1R_Ctx ===============status = nppiGradientColorToGray_8u_C3C1R(in_ptr, image_width * 3, out_ptr3, image_width, roi1, nppiNormInf);if (status != NPP_SUCCESS) {std::cout << "[GPU] ERROR nppiGradientColorToGray_8u_C3C1R failed, status = " << status << std::endl;return false;}cudaMemcpy(out_image_gray.data, out_ptr3, image_size, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);cv::imwrite(directory + "gradient.jpg", out_image_gray);// freeCUDA_FREE(in_ptr)CUDA_FREE(out_ptr1)CUDA_FREE(out_ptr2)CUDA_FREE(out_ptr3)
}