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Kafka生产者原理 kafka生产者发送流程 kafka消息发送到集群步骤 kafka如何发送消息 kafka详解

news 2025/6/27 9:05:47

kafka尚硅谷视频：

10_尚硅谷_Kafka_生产者_原理_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

1. producer初始化：加载默认配置，以及配置的参数，开启网络线程

2. 拦截器拦截

3. 序列化器进行消息key, value序列化

4. 进行分区

5. kafka broker集群获取metaData

6. 消息缓存到RecordAccumulator收集器，分配到该分区的DQueue(RecordBatch)

7. batch.size满了，或者linker.ms到达指定时间，唤醒sender线程，实例化networkClient

RecordBatch ==>RequestClient 发送消息体，

8. 与分区相同broker建立网络连接，发送到对应broker

1. send()方法参数producerRecord对象：

关于分区：

a.指定分区，则发送到该分区

b.不指定分区，k值没有传入，使用黏性分区（sticky partition）

第一次调用时随机生成一个整数（后面每次调用在这个整数上自增），将这个值与 topic 可用的 partition 总数取余得到 partition 值，也就是常说的 round-robin 算法

c.不指定分区，传入k值，k值先进行hash获取hashCodeValue, 再与topic下的分区数进行求模取余，进行分区。

如 k hash = 5 topic目前的分区数2 则分区为：1

k hash =6 topic目前的分区数2 则分区为：0

2. KafkaProducer 异步, 同步发送api：

异步发送：

producer.send(producerRecord对象)；

同步发送则send()方法后面.get（）

kafka 的send方法核心逻辑：

    public Future<RecordMetadata> send(ProducerRecord<K, V> record) {return this.send(record, (Callback)null);}public Future<RecordMetadata> send(ProducerRecord<K, V> record, Callback callback) {// 拦截器集合。多个拦截对象循环遍历ProducerRecord<K, V> interceptedRecord = this.interceptors.onSend(record);return this.doSend(interceptedRecord, callback);}private Future<RecordMetadata> doSend(ProducerRecord<K, V> record, Callback callback) {TopicPartition tp = null;// 获取集群信息metadatatry {this.throwIfProducerClosed();long nowMs = this.time.milliseconds();ClusterAndWaitTime clusterAndWaitTime;try {clusterAndWaitTime = this.waitOnMetadata(record.topic(), record.partition(), nowMs, this.maxBlockTimeMs);} catch (KafkaException var22) {if (this.metadata.isClosed()) {throw new KafkaException("Producer closed while send in progress", var22);}throw var22;}nowMs += clusterAndWaitTime.waitedOnMetadataMs;long remainingWaitMs = Math.max(0L, this.maxBlockTimeMs - clusterAndWaitTime.waitedOnMetadataMs);Cluster cluster = clusterAndWaitTime.cluster;// 序列化器 key序列化byte[] serializedKey;try {serializedKey = this.keySerializer.serialize(record.topic(), record.headers(), record.key());} catch (ClassCastException var21) {throw new SerializationException("Can't convert key of class " + record.key().getClass().getName() + " to class " + this.producerConfig.getClass("key.serializer").getName() + " specified in key.serializer", var21);}// 序列化器 value序列化byte[] serializedValue;try {serializedValue = this.valueSerializer.serialize(record.topic(), record.headers(), record.value());} catch (ClassCastException var20) {throw new SerializationException("Can't convert value of class " + record.value().getClass().getName() + " to class " + this.producerConfig.getClass("value.serializer").getName() + " specified in value.serializer", var20);}// 分区int partition = this.partition(record, serializedKey, serializedValue, cluster);tp = new TopicPartition(record.topic(), partition);this.setReadOnly(record.headers());Header[] headers = record.headers().toArray();int serializedSize = AbstractRecords.estimateSizeInBytesUpperBound(this.apiVersions.maxUsableProduceMagic(), this.compressionType, serializedKey, serializedValue, headers);this.ensureValidRecordSize(serializedSize);long timestamp = record.timestamp() == null ? nowMs : record.timestamp();if (this.log.isTraceEnabled()) {this.log.trace("Attempting to append record {} with callback {} to topic {} partition {}", new Object[]{record, callback, record.topic(), partition});}Callback interceptCallback = new InterceptorCallback(callback, this.interceptors, tp);// RecordAccumulator.append() 添加数据转 ProducerBatchRecordAccumulator.RecordAppendResult result = this.accumulator.append(tp, timestamp, serializedKey, serializedValue, headers, interceptCallback, remainingWaitMs, true, nowMs);if (result.abortForNewBatch) {int prevPartition = partition;this.partitioner.onNewBatch(record.topic(), cluster, partition);partition = this.partition(record, serializedKey, serializedValue, cluster);tp = new TopicPartition(record.topic(), partition);if (this.log.isTraceEnabled()) {this.log.trace("Retrying append due to new batch creation for topic {} partition {}. The old partition was {}", new Object[]{record.topic(), partition, prevPartition});}interceptCallback = new InterceptorCallback(callback, this.interceptors, tp);result = this.accumulator.append(tp, timestamp, serializedKey, serializedValue, headers, interceptCallback, remainingWaitMs, false, nowMs);}if (this.transactionManager != null) {this.transactionManager.maybeAddPartition(tp);}// 判断是否满了，满了唤醒sender ， sender继承了runnableif (result.batchIsFull || result.newBatchCreated) {this.log.trace("Waking up the sender since topic {} partition {} is either full or getting a new batch", record.topic(), partition);this.sender.wakeup();}return result.future;} catch (ApiException var23) {this.log.debug("Exception occurred during message send:", var23);if (tp == null) {tp = ProducerInterceptors.extractTopicPartition(record);}Callback interceptCallback = new InterceptorCallback(callback, this.interceptors, tp);interceptCallback.onCompletion((RecordMetadata)null, var23);this.errors.record();this.interceptors.onSendError(record, tp, var23);return new FutureFailure(var23);} catch (InterruptedException var24) {this.errors.record();this.interceptors.onSendError(record, tp, var24);throw new InterruptException(var24);} catch (KafkaException var25) {this.errors.record();this.interceptors.onSendError(record, tp, var25);throw var25;} catch (Exception var26) {this.interceptors.onSendError(record, tp, var26);throw var26;}}

Sender类 run()方法：

 public void run() {this.log.debug("Starting Kafka producer I/O thread.");while(this.running) {try {this.runOnce();} catch (Exception var5) {this.log.error("Uncaught error in kafka producer I/O thread: ", var5);}}this.log.debug("Beginning shutdown of Kafka producer I/O thread, sending remaining records.");while(!this.forceClose && (this.accumulator.hasUndrained() || this.client.inFlightRequestCount() > 0 || this.hasPendingTransactionalRequests())) {try {this.runOnce();} catch (Exception var4) {this.log.error("Uncaught error in kafka producer I/O thread: ", var4);}}while(!this.forceClose && this.transactionManager != null && this.transactionManager.hasOngoingTransaction()) {if (!this.transactionManager.isCompleting()) {this.log.info("Aborting incomplete transaction due to shutdown");this.transactionManager.beginAbort();}try {this.runOnce();} catch (Exception var3) {this.log.error("Uncaught error in kafka producer I/O thread: ", var3);}}if (this.forceClose) {if (this.transactionManager != null) {this.log.debug("Aborting incomplete transactional requests due to forced shutdown");this.transactionManager.close();}this.log.debug("Aborting incomplete batches due to forced shutdown");this.accumulator.abortIncompleteBatches();}try {this.client.close();} catch (Exception var2) {this.log.error("Failed to close network client", var2);}this.log.debug("Shutdown of Kafka producer I/O thread has completed.");}void runOnce() {if (this.transactionManager != null) {try {this.transactionManager.maybeResolveSequences();if (this.transactionManager.hasFatalError()) {RuntimeException lastError = this.transactionManager.lastError();if (lastError != null) {this.maybeAbortBatches(lastError);}this.client.poll(this.retryBackoffMs, this.time.milliseconds());return;}this.transactionManager.bumpIdempotentEpochAndResetIdIfNeeded();if (this.maybeSendAndPollTransactionalRequest()) {return;}} catch (AuthenticationException var5) {this.log.trace("Authentication exception while processing transactional request", var5);this.transactionManager.authenticationFailed(var5);}}long currentTimeMs = this.time.milliseconds();// 发送数据long pollTimeout = this.sendProducerData(currentTimeMs);this.client.poll(pollTimeout, currentTimeMs);}

sendProducerData() :

最终转换为ClientRequest对象

         ClientRequest clientRequest = this.client.newClientRequest(nodeId, requestBuilder, now, acks != 0, this.requestTimeoutMs, callback);this.client.send(clientRequest, now);

private long sendProducerData(long now) {Cluster cluster = this.metadata.fetch();RecordAccumulator.ReadyCheckResult result = this.accumulator.ready(cluster, now);Iterator iter;if (!result.unknownLeaderTopics.isEmpty()) {iter = result.unknownLeaderTopics.iterator();while(iter.hasNext()) {String topic = (String)iter.next();this.metadata.add(topic, now);}this.log.debug("Requesting metadata update due to unknown leader topics from the batched records: {}", result.unknownLeaderTopics);this.metadata.requestUpdate();}iter = result.readyNodes.iterator();long notReadyTimeout = Long.MAX_VALUE;while(iter.hasNext()) {Node node = (Node)iter.next();if (!this.client.ready(node, now)) {iter.remove();notReadyTimeout = Math.min(notReadyTimeout, this.client.pollDelayMs(node, now));}}Map<Integer, List<ProducerBatch>> batches = this.accumulator.drain(cluster, result.readyNodes, this.maxRequestSize, now);this.addToInflightBatches(batches);List expiredBatches;Iterator var11;ProducerBatch expiredBatch;if (this.guaranteeMessageOrder) {Iterator var9 = batches.values().iterator();while(var9.hasNext()) {expiredBatches = (List)var9.next();var11 = expiredBatches.iterator();while(var11.hasNext()) {expiredBatch = (ProducerBatch)var11.next();this.accumulator.mutePartition(expiredBatch.topicPartition);}}}this.accumulator.resetNextBatchExpiryTime();List<ProducerBatch> expiredInflightBatches = this.getExpiredInflightBatches(now);expiredBatches = this.accumulator.expiredBatches(now);expiredBatches.addAll(expiredInflightBatches);if (!expiredBatches.isEmpty()) {this.log.trace("Expired {} batches in accumulator", expiredBatches.size());}var11 = expiredBatches.iterator();while(var11.hasNext()) {expiredBatch = (ProducerBatch)var11.next();String errorMessage = "Expiring " + expiredBatch.recordCount + " record(s) for " + expiredBatch.topicPartition + ":" + (now - expiredBatch.createdMs) + " ms has passed since batch creation";this.failBatch(expiredBatch, (RuntimeException)(new TimeoutException(errorMessage)), false);if (this.transactionManager != null && expiredBatch.inRetry()) {this.transactionManager.markSequenceUnresolved(expiredBatch);}}this.sensors.updateProduceRequestMetrics(batches);long pollTimeout = Math.min(result.nextReadyCheckDelayMs, notReadyTimeout);pollTimeout = Math.min(pollTimeout, this.accumulator.nextExpiryTimeMs() - now);pollTimeout = Math.max(pollTimeout, 0L);if (!result.readyNodes.isEmpty()) {this.log.trace("Nodes with data ready to send: {}", result.readyNodes);pollTimeout = 0L;}this.sendProduceRequests(batches, now);return pollTimeout;}private void sendProduceRequests(Map<Integer, List<ProducerBatch>> collated, long now) {Iterator var4 = collated.entrySet().iterator();while(var4.hasNext()) {Map.Entry<Integer, List<ProducerBatch>> entry = (Map.Entry)var4.next();this.sendProduceRequest(now, (Integer)entry.getKey(), this.acks, this.requestTimeoutMs, (List)entry.getValue());}}private void sendProduceRequest(long now, int destination, short acks, int timeout, List<ProducerBatch> batches) {if (!batches.isEmpty()) {Map<TopicPartition, ProducerBatch> recordsByPartition = new HashMap(batches.size());byte minUsedMagic = this.apiVersions.maxUsableProduceMagic();Iterator var9 = batches.iterator();while(var9.hasNext()) {ProducerBatch batch = (ProducerBatch)var9.next();if (batch.magic() < minUsedMagic) {minUsedMagic = batch.magic();}}ProduceRequestData.TopicProduceDataCollection tpd = new ProduceRequestData.TopicProduceDataCollection();Iterator var16 = batches.iterator();while(var16.hasNext()) {ProducerBatch batch = (ProducerBatch)var16.next();TopicPartition tp = batch.topicPartition;MemoryRecords records = batch.records();if (!records.hasMatchingMagic(minUsedMagic)) {records = (MemoryRecords)batch.records().downConvert(minUsedMagic, 0L, this.time).records();}ProduceRequestData.TopicProduceData tpData = tpd.find(tp.topic());if (tpData == null) {tpData = (new ProduceRequestData.TopicProduceData()).setName(tp.topic());tpd.add(tpData);}tpData.partitionData().add((new ProduceRequestData.PartitionProduceData()).setIndex(tp.partition()).setRecords(records));recordsByPartition.put(tp, batch);}String transactionalId = null;if (this.transactionManager != null && this.transactionManager.isTransactional()) {transactionalId = this.transactionManager.transactionalId();}ProduceRequest.Builder requestBuilder = ProduceRequest.forMagic(minUsedMagic, (new ProduceRequestData()).setAcks(acks).setTimeoutMs(timeout).setTransactionalId(transactionalId).setTopicData(tpd));RequestCompletionHandler callback = (response) -> {this.handleProduceResponse(response, recordsByPartition, this.time.milliseconds());};String nodeId = Integer.toString(destination);ClientRequest clientRequest = this.client.newClientRequest(nodeId, requestBuilder, now, acks != 0, this.requestTimeoutMs, callback);// this.client 为KafkaClient接口 实现类：NetworkClient对象this.client.send(clientRequest, now);this.log.trace("Sent produce request to {}: {}", nodeId, requestBuilder);}}

NetworkClient send()方法：

 public void send(ClientRequest request, long now) {this.doSend(request, false, now);}private void doSend(ClientRequest clientRequest, boolean isInternalRequest, long now) {this.ensureActive();String nodeId = clientRequest.destination();if (!isInternalRequest && !this.canSendRequest(nodeId, now)) {throw new IllegalStateException("Attempt to send a request to node " + nodeId + " which is not ready.");} else {AbstractRequest.Builder<?> builder = clientRequest.requestBuilder();try {NodeApiVersions versionInfo = this.apiVersions.get(nodeId);short version;if (versionInfo == null) {version = builder.latestAllowedVersion();if (this.discoverBrokerVersions && this.log.isTraceEnabled()) {this.log.trace("No version information found when sending {} with correlation id {} to node {}. Assuming version {}.", new Object[]{clientRequest.apiKey(), clientRequest.correlationId(), nodeId, version});}} else {version = versionInfo.latestUsableVersion(clientRequest.apiKey(), builder.oldestAllowedVersion(), builder.latestAllowedVersion());}this.doSend(clientRequest, isInternalRequest, now, builder.build(version));} catch (UnsupportedVersionException var9) {this.log.debug("Version mismatch when attempting to send {} with correlation id {} to {}", new Object[]{builder, clientRequest.correlationId(), clientRequest.destination(), var9});ClientResponse clientResponse = new ClientResponse(clientRequest.makeHeader(builder.latestAllowedVersion()), clientRequest.callback(), clientRequest.destination(), now, now, false, var9, (AuthenticationException)null, (AbstractResponse)null);if (!isInternalRequest) {this.abortedSends.add(clientResponse);} else if (clientRequest.apiKey() == ApiKeys.METADATA) {this.metadataUpdater.handleFailedRequest(now, Optional.of(var9));}}}}private void doSend(ClientRequest clientRequest, boolean isInternalRequest, long now, AbstractRequest request) {String destination = clientRequest.destination();RequestHeader header = clientRequest.makeHeader(request.version());if (this.log.isDebugEnabled()) {this.log.debug("Sending {} request with header {} and timeout {} to node {}: {}", new Object[]{clientRequest.apiKey(), header, clientRequest.requestTimeoutMs(), destination, request});}Send send = request.toSend(header);// clientRequest convert InFlightRequest 对象InFlightRequest inFlightRequest = new InFlightRequest(clientRequest, header, isInternalRequest, request, send, now);this.inFlightRequests.add(inFlightRequest);// nio channel。。。selector 发送消息信息//this.selector is Selectable interface  KafkaChannel is implementthis.selector.send(new NetworkSend(clientRequest.destination(), send));}

总结：直接阅读源码很快就能想明白kafka 生产者发送逻辑，kafka-client.jar。核心==>

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