参考：
https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/

支持的Ubuntu版本：

• Ubuntu Lunar 23.04
• Ubuntu Kinetic 22.10
• Ubuntu Jammy 22.04 (LTS)
• Ubuntu Focal 20.04 (LTS)

1 卸载旧版本

非官方的安装包，需要先卸载：

• docker.io
• docker-compose
• docker-doc
• podman-docker

复制执行下面语句：

# for pkg in docker.io docker-doc docker-compose podman-docker containerd runc; do sudo apt-get remove $pkg; done

2 安装软件源

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl gnupg
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpgecho \"deb [arch="$(dpkg --print-architecture)" signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \"$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME")" stable" | \sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
sudo apt-get update

3 正式安装docker

安装最新版本：

sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

4 验证安装

下载一个镜像；

docker search hello
docker pull hello

执行一个镜像

sudo docker run hello-world

参考：
https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/