一.Hive 简介

Hive 是基于 Hadoop 的数据仓库工具，可以提供类 SQL 查询能力

二.Hive 搭建

1.下载

Hive 官网

Hive 下载地址（自选版本）

MySQL Java 驱动下载

2.安装

1.解压并配置 HIVE

## 1.创建安装目录
mkdir -p /usr/local/hive
## 2.将压缩包拷贝到服务器并解压
tar zxvf apache-hive-4.0.0-alpha-2-bin.tar.gz -C /usr/local/hive/
## 3.添加环境变量并刷新
echo 'export HIVE_HOME=/usr/local/hive/apache-hive-4.0.0-alpha-2-bin' >> /etc/profile
echo 'export PATH=${HIVE_HOME}/bin:${PATH}' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
## 4.进入安装目录
cd $HIVE_HOME/conf
## 5.复制 hive-env.sh.template 并修改配置
cp hive-env.sh.template hive-env.sh
echo 'export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk-11.0.19' >> hive-env.sh
echo 'export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop/hadoop-3.3.6' >> hive-env.sh
echo 'export HADOOP_CONF_DIR=${HADOOP_HOME}/etc/hadoop' >> hive-env.sh
echo 'export HIVE_HOME=/usr/local/hive/apache-hive-4.0.0-alpha-2-bin' >> hive-env.sh
echo 'export HIVE_CONF_DIR=${HIVE_HOME}/conf' >> hive-env.sh
echo 'export HIVE_AUX_JARS_PATH=${HIVE_HOME}/lib' >> hive-env.sh
## 6.复制 mysql-connector-j-8.0.33.jar 到 ${HIVE_HOME}/lib
tar zxvf mysql-connector-j-8.0.33.tar.gz
cp mysql-connector-j-8.0.33/mysql-connector-j-8.0.33.jar ${HIVE_HOME}/lib/
## 7.复制 cp hive-default.xml.template 并修改配置
cp hive-default.xml.template hive-site.xml

2.修改 hive-site.xml

使用 MobaXterm 连接虚拟机，并用文本编辑工具打开 hive-site.xml 修改：

注释掉同名的默认配置，或参考下面信息，直接修改默认配置值
同时全局替换下面两个变量值，避免 hiveserver2 启动报错
1.${system:java.io.tmpdir} => /tmp （Linux 系统默认的临时目录）
2.${system:user.name}      => root （本系统当前操作用户名）
3.hive.server2.thrift.client.user 配置用户 root , 同时需要修改 hadoop 的 core-site.xml 为 root  配置代理信息
4.hadoop 集群搭建参考前面文章

<!--配置 Hive Metastore 此处使用 mysql & 转义 &amp;--><property><name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name><value>jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.201:3306/hive?characterEncoding=UTF8&amp;createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&amp;serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&amp;useSSL=false&amp;allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true</value></property><property><name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name><value>com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</value></property><property><name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name><value>admin</value></property><property><name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name><value>12345678</value></property><property><name>datanucleus.schema.autoCreateAll</name><value>true</value></property><!-- nn 配置主机地址/用户/密码 --><property><name>hive.server2.thrift.bind.host</name><value>nn</value></property><property><name>hive.server2.thrift.client.user</name><value>root</value><description>Username to use against thrift client. default is 'anonymous'</description></property><property><name>hive.server2.thrift.client.password</name><value>123456</value><description>Password to use against thrift client. default is 'anonymous'</description></property> <property><name>hive.metastore.event.db.notification.api.auth</name><value>false</value></property><property><name>hive.server2.active.passive.ha.enable</name><value>true</value></property><property><name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name><value>hdfs://nn:9000/user/hive/warehouse</value><description>hdfs 地址</description></property><property><name>hive.metastore.schema.verification</name><value>true</value></property><property><name>hive.metastore.uris</name><value>thrift://nn:9083</value></property>

初始化元数据

查看库 Hive

3.修改 hadoop 的 core-site.xml

## 1.进入配置目录
cd $HADOOP_HOME//etc/hadoop
## 2.修改 core-site.xml
vim core-site.xml
## 3.增加以下内容<property><name>hadoop.proxyuser.root.hosts</name><value>*</value></property><property><name>hadoop.proxyuser.root.groups</name><value>*</value></property>

4.启动

## 1.初始化
schematool -initSchema -dbType mysql
## 2.启动 hadoop 集群
cd $HADOOP_HOME/sbin && start-all.sh
## 3.启动 hive
mkdir -p /var/log/hive
cd ${HIVE_HOME}/bin
nohup hive --service metastore 2>&1 >> /var/log/hive/metastore.log &
nohup hive --service hiveserver2 2>&1 >> /var/log/hive/hiveserver2.log &## 4.杀死 hive 进程
kill -9 `ps aux | grep hiveserver2 | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}'`
kill -9 `ps aux | grep metastore | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}'`

查看 Java 进程：jps

查看端口占用：lsof -i -P -n | grep LISTEN

查看默认日志：tail -200f /tmp/root/hive.log

日志发现一个报错：java.sql.SQLException: Referencing column 'ACTIVE_EXECUTION_ID' and referenced column 'SCHEDULED_EXECUTION_ID' in foreign key constraint 'SCHEDULED_EXECUTIONS_SCHQ_ACTIVE' are incompatible.
因为 MySQL 版本为 8.0.33，可能导致了主外键字段类型不一致时的异常
对应初始化后的表和字段分别为：
SCHEDULED_EXECUTIONS - SCHEDULED_EXECUTION_ID
SCHEDULED_QUERIES    - ACTIVE_EXECUTION_ID
原来这两个字段一个为 int ，一个为 bigint 统一为 bigint 后就不报错了

三.Hive 测试

1.基础测试

## 1.控制台连接
hive
## 2.连接并输入用户名、密码
!connect jdbc:hive2://nn:10000
## 3.查看库
show databases;
## 4.退出
!quit

UI 访问：http://192.168.1.6:10002/

hdfs 查看: http://192.168.1.6:9870/explorer.html#/tmp/hive/root

2.建库建表

## 1.建库并设置存储位置
create database if not exists animal_db
comment "This is animal database"
location '/hive_database/animal_db';
## 2.查看库
show databases;
## 3.切换库
use animal_db;
## 4.创建表
create table if not exists dog_tb(name string,breed string,area string,feature string)
row format delimited fields terminated by ';';
## 5.从本地文件加载数据
load data local inpath '/home/dog_tb.txt' into table dog_tb;
## 6.查看数据
select * from dog_tb;
## 7.删除表
drop table dog_tb;
## 7.强制删库
drop database animal_db cascade ;

dog_tb.txt 
bomei;small;germany;white,small
bianmu;big;scotland;clever
tugou;all;china;clever,loyalty

3.Java 连接测试

1.Pom依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>org.example</groupId><artifactId>hive-demo</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><properties><maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target><spring.version>2.7.8</spring.version><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId><version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><version>1.18.28</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>2.0.32</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.hive</groupId><artifactId>hive-jdbc</artifactId><version>4.0.0-alpha-2</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId><artifactId>hadoop-common</artifactId><version>3.3.6</version></dependency></dependencies></project>

2.Yarm 配置文件

config:hivedriverClassName: org.apache.hive.jdbc.HiveDriverhiveurl: jdbc:hive2://192.168.1.6:10000/animal_dbhiveusername: roothivepassword: 123456

3.启动类

package org.example;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;/*** @author Administrator*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class HiveApp {public static void main(String[] args) {//启动触发SpringApplication.run(HiveApp.class,args);}
}

4.配置类

package org.example.config;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.util.Properties;/*** @author Administrator* @Description* @create 2023-08-02 21:42*/
@Component
public class HiveConfig {@Bean("hiveProperties")@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "config")public Properties getConfig(){return new Properties();}@Beanpublic Connection start(@Qualifier("hiveProperties") Properties properties){try {String url = (String) properties.get("hiveurl");String user = (String) properties.get("hiveusername");String password = (String) properties.get("hivepassword");Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);conn.setAutoCommit(true);return conn;} catch (Exception e) {System.out.println(e);}return null;}
}

5.测试类

package org.example.controller;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.hive.jdbc.HivePreparedStatement;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;/*** @author Administrator* @Description* @create 2023-08-02 21:42*/
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/hive")
public class HiveController {/*** 注入连接类*/@AutowiredConnection conn;/*** 列*/List<String> columns = Arrays.asList("name","breed","area","feature");/*** 插入* @throws SQLException*/@GetMapping("/insert")public void insert() throws SQLException {String sql = "insert into dog_tb values (?,?,?,?)";HivePreparedStatement pStSm= (HivePreparedStatement) conn.prepareStatement(sql);pStSm.setString(1, "keji");pStSm.setString(2, "small");pStSm.setString(3, "welsh");pStSm.setString(4, "friendly");pStSm.executeUpdate();}/*** 查询* @return* @throws SQLException*/@GetMapping("/query")public List<String> query(int index,String value) throws SQLException {List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();String sql = "select * from dog_tb";if (index > 0 && StringUtils.isNotEmpty(value)){sql = "select * from dog_tb where name = ?";}HivePreparedStatement pStSm= (HivePreparedStatement) conn.prepareStatement(sql);if (index >= 0 && StringUtils.isNotEmpty(value)){pStSm.setString(index, value);}ResultSet resultSet = pStSm.executeQuery();StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();while (resultSet.next()){builder.setLength(0);for (String col:columns){builder.append(resultSet.getString(col)).append(";");}String result = builder.substring(0,builder.length()-1);list.add(result);log.info("row: {}",result);}return list;}}

如果插入或查询报错可通过如下位置查询报错信息