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Spring的@Scheduled

news 2025/7/27 12:35:01

Spring的@Scheduled的默认线程池数量为1，也就是说定时任务是单线程执行的。这意味着最多同时只有一个任务在执行。当一个任务还在执行时，其他任务会等待其完成，然后按照其预定的执行策略依次执行。

测试代码：

启动类上加注解@EnableScheduling开启任务调度功能，具体任务调度代码如下：

@Slf4j
@Component
public class Scheduler {// 每两秒执行一次@Scheduled(fixedRate = 2000)public void mockMethod1() {long threadId = Thread.currentThread().getId();String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();log.info("mockMethod1 start with current thread id: {}, name: {}", threadId, threadName);try {Thread.sleep(10000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}log.info("mockMethod1 end with current thread id: {}, name: {}", threadId, threadName);}@Scheduled(fixedRate = 2000)public void mockMethod2() {long threadId = Thread.currentThread().getId();String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();log.info("mockMethod2 start with current thread id: {}, name: {}", threadId, threadName);try {Thread.sleep(10000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}log.info("mockMethod2 end with current thread id: {}, name: {}", threadId, threadName);}}

结果：可以看到mockMethod1执行完才会执行mockMethod2，而且是单线程执行
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源码：

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Spring的@Scheduled有个特点就是，确保任务执行完毕后才会再次调度下一次执行

想要同时执行多个Scheduled，怎么办？

解决：

1.当如果有程序有多个任务的话需要修改配置，让其变为多线程执行，这种配置不会破坏Scheduled的特点

# 设置任务调度线程名称前缀
spring.task.scheduling.thread-name-prefix=task-schedule-
# 设置任务调度线程池大小
spring.task.scheduling.pool.size=10
# 设置任务调度线程池关闭时等待所有任务完成
spring.task.scheduling.shutdown.await-termination=true

结果：
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2.使用@Async配置线程池，这种配置会破坏Scheduled的特点

启动类上加注解@EnableAsync开启异步功能，然后配置线程池

@Configuration
public class AppConfig {@Bean("taskExecutor")public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor() {ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();executor.setCorePoolSize(6); // 设置核心线程数executor.setMaxPoolSize(9); // 设置最大线程数executor.setQueueCapacity(25); // 设置任务队列容量executor.setThreadNamePrefix("executor-");return executor;}
}

代码上加上异步

@Async("taskExecutor")
@Scheduled(fixedRate = 2000)
public void mockMethod1() {long threadId = Thread.currentThread().getId();String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();log.info("mockMethod1 start with current thread id: {}, name: {}", threadId, threadName);try {Thread.sleep(10000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}log.info("mockMethod1 end with current thread id: {}, name: {}", threadId, threadName);
}