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复习之kickstart无人职守安装脚本

news 2025/8/8 11:19:05

一、kickstart简介

kickstart是红帽发行版中的一种安装方式，它通过以配置文件的方式来记录linux系统安装的各项参数和想要安装的软件。只要配置正确，整个安装过程中无需人工交互参与，达到无人值守安装的目的。

二、kickstar文件的生成

进入/root目录找到模板：anaconda-ks.cfg
根据模板编辑kickstar文件
检测kickstar语法错误

[root@westosa ~]# cat westos.cfg 
#version=RHEL8
#ignoredisk --only-use=vda
autopart --type=lvm# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel# Use graphical install
#graphical
text# Use CDROM installation media
#cdro
url --url=http://172.25.254.100/westos# Keyboard layouts
keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'# System language
lang en_US.UTF-8 # Network information
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=enp1s0 --onboot=no --ipv6=auto --no-activate
network  --hostname=localhost.localdomain
repo --name="AppStream" --baseurl=http://172.25.254.100/westos/AppStream# Root password
#rootpw --plant westos
rootpw --iscrypted $6$xPOQGqf3UsUPjuV5$wMByLsY60INgTbIO.VgyD8lawrmDlzXTaVkHeSiFjYxywVxzvfLX9uprA66CnugTo5m9mzW9fgAio3fkR1Bih/# X Window System configuration information
xconfig  --startxonboot# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
#firstboot --enable
firstboot --disable# System services
services --disabled="chronyd"
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontpreboot%packages
@base
firefox
%end%post
touch /mnt/westosfile{1..10}
%end
[root@westosa ~]#

1. 进目录找模板

[root@westosa ~]# cd /root/
[root@westosa ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  Documents  fstab                 Music     Public     Videos
Desktop          Downloads  initial-setup-ks.cfg  Pictures  Templates
[root@westosa ~]# cp anaconda-ks.cfg westos.cfg
[root@westosa ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  Documents  fstab                 Music     Public     Videos
Desktop          Downloads  initial-setup-ks.cfg  Pictures  Templates  westos.cfg
[root@westosa ~]# vim westos.cfg

2. 编辑kickstar文件

具体编辑步骤如下：

一定要仔细，否则后续无法安装！

注意：加密密码如何生成？

ps:所有文件连接必须都可以在浏览器打开！

例如：

3.检测kickstar语法错误

安装检测软件
检测：没有反应则语法正确

[root@westosa ~]# dnf search kickstar
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:43:22 ago on Sun 30 Jul 2023 06:52:16 PM CST.
================================= Name & Summary Matched: kickstar ==================================
pykickstart.noarch : Python utilities for manipulating kickstart files.
python3-kickstart.noarch : Python 3 library for manipulating kickstart files.
[root@westosa ~]# dnf install -y pykickstart.noarch
Updating Subscription Management repositories.

检测方法：ksvalidator + 脚本名

[root@westosa ~]# ksvalidator westos.cfg 
The following problem occurred on line 21 of the kickstart file:Unexpected arguments to lang command: ['--addaupport=zh_CN.UTF-8']

出现错误，修改脚本，再次检测！没有错误了！ps:只能检测出语法错误

[root@westosa ~]# ksvalidator westos.cfg 
[root@westosa ~]#

三、部署安装所需环境

搭建好软件仓库：建立共享目录：/var/www/html/westos
共享镜像资源：安装httpd和dhcp服务；关闭火墙
共享ks脚本：复制ks脚本到共享目录，修改权限
配置dhcp服务：之前学过

以上全部在虚拟机westosa上完成!!

1. 搭建软件仓库

首先要有镜像资源，从主机发送到虚拟机，发现虚拟机内存不够，因此可以通过挂载设备发送！

首先需要一块10G的硬盘，镜像为7.9G。然后分区

将该设备挂载在/iso目录

然后发送镜像，成功！

[root@westosa ~]# cd /iso/
[root@westosa iso]# ls
rhel-8.2-x86_64-dvd.iso
[root@westosa iso]#

新建共享目录，将镜像挂载在该目录上！

 249  mkdir /var/www/html/westos250  mount /iso/rhel-8.2-x86_64-dvd.iso /var/www/html/westos/

编辑配置文件，保证文件都可以打开！！则软件仓库配置成功！

[root@westosa ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@westosa yum.repos.d]# ls
redhat.repo  westos.repo
[root@westosa yum.repos.d]# cat westos.repo 
[AppStream]
name=AppStream
baseurl=http://172.25.254.100/westos/AppStream
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
enabled=1[BaseOS]
name=BaseOS
baseurl=http://172.25.254.100/westos/BaseOS
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
enabled=1[root@westosa yum.repos.d]#

2. 共享镜像资源

安装httpd和dhcp服务！并且关闭火墙，开启httpd服务！

245  dnf install httpd dhcp-server -y246  systemctl enable --now httpd247  systemctl status httpd248  systemctl disable --now firewalld

3. 共享ks脚本+修改权限

共享ks脚本到共享目录，保证主机都可以看见！

252  cp westos.cfg /var/www/html/253  chmod 644 /var/www/html/westos.cfg

共享结果如下：

4. 配置dhcp服务

在westosa为dhcp服务器，在上面配置dhcp服务，保证其他主机有ip可以访问共享目录！

254  dnf search dhcp255  cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 256  cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-server/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf257  vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf258  systemctl restart dhcpd259  systemctl enable --now dhcpd

dhcp的配置文件如下：认真不要写错！

[root@westosa dhcp]# cat dhcpd.conf 
# dhcpd.conf
#
# Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd
## option definitions common to all supported networks...
option domain-name "westos.org";
option domain-name-servers 172.25.254.100;default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;# Use this to enble / disable dynamic dns updates globally.
#ddns-update-style none;# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
#authoritative;# Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also
# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).
log-facility local7;# No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the 
# DHCP server to understand the network topology.#subnet 10.152.187.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
#}# This is a very basic subnet declaration.subnet 172.25.254.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {range 172.25.254.10 172.25.254.20;#option routers rtr-239-0-1.example.org, rtr-239-0-2.example.org;
}[root@westosa dhcp]#