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Django学习笔记-视图（views）的使用

news 2025/8/25 6:04:19

Django中可以使用views进行管理，类似于WPF的MVVM的ViewModel层，也相当于MVC架构的模Controller层。

一、基于函数的视图FBV（Function-Based View）

通过定义一个函数，包含HttpRequest对象作为参数，用来接受客户端请求，然后返回HttpResponse对象做为响应放回给客户端。

1.1 先定义一个模板文件

在template中定义一个模板文件persondetail.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>Person Details</title>
</head>
<body>{{ Person }}{{ Person.name }}{{ Person.phone }}
</body>
</html>

1.2 在views.py中创建一个函数person_detail

def person_detail(request: HttpRequest, pk: int):"""Show person detailpk: the primarykey of person."""try:p = Person.objects.get(pk=pk)except Person.DoesNotExist:raise Http404("Person Does Not Exist.")return render(request, "persondetail.html", {"Person": p})

1.3 在urls.py中添加新的url

from django.urls import path, re_path
from serverapp import views as serverapp_viewsurlpatterns = [path('test/2023', serverapp_views.test),        # 精确匹配path('converter/<int:num>', serverapp_views.converter),         # 格式转换re_path(r'^re/(?P<num>[0-9]{1,4})/$', serverapp_views.rematch),         # 正则表达式,通过添加起止符限制匹配，避免中间多级路径后匹配到，造成错误匹配。path('person', serverapp_views.get_person),        # 获取人员信息path('personform', serverapp_views.get_personform),        # 使用表单获取人员信息path('person_detail/<int:pk>', serverapp_views.person_detail)         # 视图演示，展示人员信息
]

1.4 运行软件，在客户端访问

二、基于类的视图CBV（Class-Based View）

基于类的视图与基于函数的视图大同小异，只不过是使用类代替函数。

2.1 再views.py文件中定义类

class PersonDetailView(View):"""人员信息视图类"""form_class = PersonForm                 # 定义表单类initial = {"key":"value"}               # 定义表单初始值tamplate_name = "personform.html"     # templage file namedef get(self, request: HttpRequest, *args, **kwargs):"""Get method"""# 渲染表单return render(request, self.tamplate_name, {"personform": self.form_class(initial= self.initial)})def post(self, request: HttpRequest, *args, **kwargs):"""POST method"""form = self.form_class(request.POST)if form.is_valid():# get dataname = form.cleaned_data['name']phone = form.cleaned_data['phone']return HttpResponse(f"The peson name is {name}, phone is {phone}")return render(request, self.tamplate_name, {"personform": form})

2.2 注册新的url

from django.urls import path, re_path
from serverapp import views as serverapp_viewsurlpatterns = [path('test/2023', serverapp_views.test),        # 精确匹配path('converter/<int:num>', serverapp_views.converter),         # 格式转换re_path(r'^re/(?P<num>[0-9]{1,4})/$', serverapp_views.rematch),         # 正则表达式,通过添加起止符限制匹配，避免中间多级路径后匹配到，造成错误匹配。path('person', serverapp_views.get_person),        # 获取人员信息path('personform', serverapp_views.get_personform),        # 使用表单获取人员信息path('person_detail/<int:pk>', serverapp_views.person_detail) ,        # 视图演示，展示人员信息path('personformview', serverapp_views.PersonDetailView.as_view())         # 基于类的视图
]

2.3 定义html文件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>User Name</title>
</head>
<body><!--action 是访问的url--><form action="/serverapp/personformview" method="post">{% csrf_token %}        <!--防止跨域攻击-->{{ personform }}        <!--引用表单，views函数中定义的名称一致--><button type="submit">提交</button></form>
</body>
</html>