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Pytorch(一)

news 2025/8/25 15:36:19

一、基本操作

二、自动求导机制

三、线性回归DEMO

3.1模型的读取与保存

3.2利用GPU训练时

四、常见的Tensor形式

五、Hub模块

一、基本操作

操作代码如下:

import torch
import numpy as np#创建一个矩阵
x1 = torch.empty(5,3)# 随机值
x2 = torch.rand(5,3)# 初始化一个全零的矩阵
x3 = torch.zeros(5,3,dtype = torch.long)# view操作改变矩阵维度
x4 = torch.randn(4,4) #4*4矩阵
y = x4.view(16) #变成一行的矩阵
z = x4.view(-1,8) #变为2*8的矩阵
print(y.size()) #矩阵的尺寸#与numpy的协同操作
# tensor转array
a = torch.ones(5)
b = a.numpy()# array转tensor
a1 = np.ones(5)
b1 = torch.from_numpy(a)

二、自动求导机制

案例代码如下:

import torch#计算流程
x = torch.rand(1)
b = torch.rand(1,requires_grad=True)
w = torch.rand(1,requires_grad=True)
y = w * x
z = y + b# 反向传播计算
z.backward(retain_graph = True)
print(w.grad)
print(b.grad)

三、线性回归DEMO

import numpy as np
import torch
import torch.nn as nn# 构建线性回归模型
class LinearRegressionModel(nn.Module):def __init__(self,input_dim,output_dim):super(LinearRegressionModel,self).__init__()self.linear = nn.Linear(input_dim,output_dim)def forward(self,x):out = self.linear(x)return outx_values = [i for i in range(11)]
x_train = np.array(x_values,dtype=np.float32)
x_train = x_train.reshape(-1,1)
print(x_train.shape)#y = 2x + 1
y_values = [2*i + 1 for i in range(11)]
y_train = np.array(x_values,dtype=np.float32)
y_train = x_train.reshape(-1,1)# 构建model
input_dim = 1
output_dim = 1model = LinearRegressionModel(input_dim,output_dim)# 指定好参数和损失函数
epochs = 1000 #训练次数
learning_rate = 0.01 #学习率
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(),lr = learning_rate) #优化器
criterion = nn.MSELoss() #损失函数# 训练模型
for epoch in range(epochs):epoch += 1#注意转行为tensorinputs = torch.from_numpy(x_train)labels = torch.from_numpy(y_train)#梯度要清零每一次迭代optimizer.zero_grad()#前向传播outputs = model(inputs)#计算损失loss = criterion(outputs,labels)#反向传播loss.backward()#更新权重参数optimizer.step()if epoch % 50 ==0:print('epoch {},loss {}'.format(epoch,loss.item()))

3.1模型的读取与保存

# 模型的保存与读取
torch.save(model.state.dict(),'model.pkl') #保存
model.load_state_dict(torch.load('model.pkl')) #读取

3.2利用GPU训练时

利用GPU训练时要将数据与模型导入cuda

#注意转行为tensor
inputs = torch.from_numpy(x_train)
labels = torch.from_numpy(y_train)
#利用GPU训练数据时的数据
inputs = torch.from_numpy(x_train).to(device)
labels = torch.from_numpy(y_train).to(device)model = LinearRegressionModel(input_dim,output_dim)#使用GPU进行训练
device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
model.to(device)