当前位置：首页 > news >正文

opencv 之外接多边形（矩形、圆、三角形、椭圆、多边形）使用详解

news 2025/8/5 0:09:45

opencv 之外接多边形（矩形、圆、三角形、椭圆、多边形）使用详解

本文主要讲述opencv中的外接多边形的使用：
- 多边形近似
- 外接矩形、最小外接矩形
- 最小外接圆
- 外接三角形
- 椭圆拟合
- 凸包
将重点讲述最小外接矩形的使用

1. API介绍

#多边形近似
void cv::approxPolyDP(InputArray 	curve,OutputArray 	approxCurve,double 	epsilon,bool 	closed )		
Python:
cv.approxPolyDP(curve, epsilon, closed[, approxCurve]	) ->	approxCurve#计算点到多边形的距离或者判断是否在多边形内部
double cv::pointPolygonTest	(InputArray 	contour,Point2f 	pt,bool 	measureDist )		
Python:
cv.pointPolygonTest(contour, pt, measureDist) ->	retval#外接矩形
Rect cv::boundingRect(InputArray 	array)	Python:
cv.boundingRect(array) ->	retval#最小外接矩形
RotatedRect cv::minAreaRect	(InputArray 	points)	
Python:
cv.minAreaRect(	points) ->	retval#求矩形交集
int cv::rotatedRectangleIntersection(const RotatedRect & 	rect1,const RotatedRect & 	rect2,OutputArray 	intersectingRegion )		
Python:
cv.rotatedRectangleIntersection(rect1, rect2[, intersectingRegion]	) ->	retval, intersectingRegion#最小外接圆
void cv::minEnclosingCircle	(InputArray 	points,Point2f & 	center,float & 	radius )		
Python:
cv.minEnclosingCircle(points) ->	center, radius#最小外接三角形
double cv::minEnclosingTriangle	(InputArray 	points,OutputArray 	triangle)		
Python:
cv.minEnclosingTriangle(points[, triangle]	) ->	retval, triangle#椭圆拟合
void cv::ellipse(InputOutputArray 	img,Point 	center,Size 	axes,double 	angle,double 	startAngle,double 	endAngle,const Scalar & 	color,int 	thickness = 1,int 	lineType = LINE_8,int 	shift = 0 )		
Python:
cv.ellipse(	img, center, axes, angle, startAngle, endAngle, color[, thickness[, lineType[, shift]]]	) ->	img
cv.ellipse(	img, box, color[, thickness[, lineType]]	) ->	img

2. 例程

给一个opencv官方的例程：

#include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
static void help()
{cout << "This program demonstrates finding the minimum enclosing box, triangle or circle of a set\n"<< "of points using functions: minAreaRect() minEnclosingTriangle() minEnclosingCircle().\n"<< "Random points are generated and then enclosed.\n\n"<< "Press ESC, 'q' or 'Q' to exit and any other key to regenerate the set of points.\n\n";
}
int main(int /*argc*/, char** /*argv*/)
{help();Mat img(500, 500, CV_8UC3, Scalar::all(0));RNG& rng = theRNG();for (;;){int i, count = rng.uniform(1, 101);vector<Point> points;// Generate a random set of pointsfor (i = 0; i < count; i++){Point pt;pt.x = rng.uniform(img.cols / 4, img.cols * 3 / 4);pt.y = rng.uniform(img.rows / 4, img.rows * 3 / 4);points.push_back(pt);}// Find the minimum area enclosing bounding boxPoint2f vtx[4];RotatedRect box = minAreaRect(points);box.points(vtx);// Find the minimum area enclosing trianglevector<Point2f> triangle;minEnclosingTriangle(points, triangle);// Find the minimum area enclosing circlePoint2f center;float radius = 0;minEnclosingCircle(points, center, radius);img = Scalar::all(0);// Draw the pointsfor (i = 0; i < count; i++)circle(img, points[i], 3, Scalar(0, 0, 255), FILLED, LINE_AA);// Draw the bounding boxfor (i = 0; i < 4; i++)line(img, vtx[i], vtx[(i + 1) % 4], Scalar(0, 255, 0), 1, LINE_AA);//绘制外接矩形rectangle(img, box.boundingRect(), cv::Scalar(10, 100, 20), 2);//也可以：/*cv::Rect _rect = boundingRect(points);rectangle(img, _rect, cv::Scalar(10, 100, 20), 2);*/// Draw the trianglefor (i = 0; i < 3; i++)line(img, triangle[i], triangle[(i + 1) % 3], Scalar(255, 255, 0), 1, LINE_AA);// Draw the circlecircle(img, center, cvRound(radius), Scalar(0, 255, 255), 1, LINE_AA);imshow("Rectangle, triangle & circle", img);char key = (char)waitKey();if (key == 27 || key == 'q' || key == 'Q') // 'ESC'break;}return 0;
}

过程图像如下：
椭圆拟合一般用于轮廓提取之后：


//获取拟合椭圆的外包围矩形  
cv::RotatedRect rotate_rect = cv::fitEllipse(points);  
//绘制拟合椭圆  
cv::ellipse(image, rotate_rect, cv::Scalar(0, 255, 255), 2, 8);

在这里插入图片描述

凸包绘制

 vector<Point> hull;convexHull(points, hull, true);img = Scalar::all(0);for( i = 0; i < count; i++ )circle(img, points[i], 3, Scalar(0, 0, 255), FILLED, LINE_AA);polylines(img, hull, true, Scalar(0, 255, 0), 1, LINE_AA);imshow("hull", img);#多边形填充绘制：polylines(img, hull, true, Scalar(0, 255, 0), -1, LINE_AA);

计算两个旋转矩形交集：

vector<Point2f> intersectingRegion;
rotatedRectangleIntersection(rect1, rect2, intersectingRegion);

在这里插入图片描述

3. 关于最小外接矩形

C++版的最小外接矩形使用：

RotatedRect rect = minAreaRect(points);
float angle = rect.
box.points(vtx);

其接口返回值可读取如下：其中，其角度指的是width与物理坐标系y轴正方向逆时针所成的夹角
在这里插入图片描述
赋值时也可以读出如下数据：中心、角度、尺寸大小、外接矩形

画图详解一下吧：
想要看真实的效果图的话，可以参考：biubiubiu~
它也可以用于：
python版本的最小外接矩形：

 _rect = cv2.minAreaRect(conts_new[i])(x, y), (w, h), ang = _rectbox = cv2.boxPoints(_rect)# 标准化坐标到整数box = np.int32(box)cv2.drawContours(mask_c3, [box], 0, (int(bgr[0]), int(bgr[1]), int(bgr[2])),2)