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swagger的简单介绍

news 2025/6/26 20:52:43

 

目录

swagger是什么？

swagger有什么用？

 Swagger包含的工具集：

 swagger的使用步骤：

swagger的相关注解：

  Docket的源码

  • 了解swagger的作用和概念
  • 了解前后端分离
  • 在SpringBoot中集成Swagger 

swagger是什么？

  • swagger 是一个规范和完整的框架，用于生成、描述、调用和可视化 RESTful 风格的 Web 服务。
  • 直接运行，可以在线测试API接口，API是前后端的重要联系纽带
  • 支持多种语言（java, php...）
  • 总体目标是使客户端和文件系统作为服务器以同样的速度来更新。
  • 文件的方法，参数和模型紧密集成到服务器端的代码，允许API来始终保持同步。

swagger有什么用？

  1. 接口文档自动在线生成。
  2. 功能测试。

 Swagger包含的工具集：

  • Swagger-tools：提供各种与Swagger进行集成和交互的工具。例如模式检验、Swagger1.2文档转换成Swagger2.0文档等功能。
  • Swagger-core：用于Java/Scala的Swagger实现。与JAX-RS(Jersey、Resteasy、CXF…）、Servlets和Play框架进行集成。
  • Swagger-js：用于JavaScript的Swagger实现。
  • Swagger-node-express：Swagger模块，用于node.js的Express web应用框架。
  • Swagger-ui：一个无依赖的HTML、JS和CSS集合，可以为Swagger兼容API动态生成优雅文档。
  • Swagger-codegen：一个模板驱动引擎，通过分析用户Swagger资源声明以各种语言生成客户端代码

 swagger的使用步骤：

  1. 引入pomm的相关依赖
  2. 在代码中加入相应的配置，新建config包，写入swaggerConfig配置类
  3. 在basePackage指定的路径下使用swagger（使用api注解）
  4. 启动项目，浏览器打开http://ip:port/swagger-ui.html

swagger 的相关依赖：

</dependency><groupId>io.springfox</groupId><artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId><version>2.9.2</version>
</dependency><dependency><groupId>io.springfox</groupId><artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId><version>2.9.2</version>
</dependency>

swagger配置信息：

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder;
import springfox.documentation.builders.PathSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.builders.RequestHandlerSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;
import springfox.documentation.service.Contact;
import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;
import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;@Configuration//设置该类为spring配置类
@EnableSwagger2//开户swagger2
public class SwaggerConfig {/*** 创建API应用* apiInfo() 增加API相关信息* 通过select()函数返回一个ApiSelectorBuilder实例,用来控制哪些接口暴露给Swagger来展现，* 本例采用指定扫描的包路径来定义指定要建立API的目录。* .apis*    RequestHandlerSelectors 配置swagger扫描接口的方式*       basePackage() 指定要扫描哪些包*       any() 全部都扫描*       none() 全部不扫描*       withClassAnnotation() 扫描类上的注解 参数是一个注解的反射对象*       withMethodAnnotation() 扫描包上的注解*  .paths*    PathSelectors 路径扫描接口*       ant 配置以xxx 开头的路径** @return*/@Bean //设置该方法的返回值为spring管理的beanpublic Docket restApi() {//配置了swagger的docket的bean实例return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2).groupName("标准接口").apiInfo(apiInfo("Spring Boot中使用Swagger2构建RESTful APIs", "1.0")).useDefaultResponseMessages(true).forCodeGeneration(false).select()//RequestHandlerSelectors配置要扫描接口的方式.apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("com.example.learning.controller")).paths(PathSelectors.any()).build();}/*** 创建该API的基本信息（这些基本信息会展现在文档页面中）* 访问地址：http://ip:port/swagger-ui.html** @return*/private ApiInfo apiInfo(String title, String version) {//配置Swagger页面信息return new ApiInfoBuilder().title(title).description("swagger").termsOfServiceUrl("https://swagger.io").contact("swagger").version("1.0").build();//构建者模式，快速构建一个对象}
}

 使用swagger

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
@Api(tags = "标准演示接口")
public class ApiController {@Resourceprivate ObjectMapper mapper;@PostMapping("/ps")@ApiOperation(value = "接受json参数", notes = "演示json参数是否接受成功")public String post(@ApiParam(name = "接收json参数", defaultValue = "{}")@RequestBody String json) throws IOException {Map map = mapper.readValue(json, Map.class);System.out.println(map);return json;}
}

swagger的相关注解：

  • @Configuration：表明这是一个配置类
  • @EnableSwagger2：开启Swagger2
  • @Api：放在类上，说明该类的作用。
  • @ApiOperation：放在方法上，说明该方法的作用。
  • @ApiImplicitParams：用在方法上包含一组参数说明。
    • code：数字，例如400
    • message：信息，例如“请求参数没填好”
    • response：抛出异常的类
  • @ApiImplicitParam：用来注解来给方法入参增加说明，一个请求能数。
  • @ApiResponses：用于表示一组响应。
  • @ApiResponse：用在@ApiResponses中，一般用于表达一个错误的响应信息
  • @ApiModel：用对象来接收参数，描述一个Model的信息（一般用于在请求参数无法使用@ApiImplicitParam注解进行描述的时候）
  • @ApiModelProperty：用对象接收参数时，描述对象的一个字段
  • @ApiIgnore：使用该注解忽略这个API
  • @ApiError ：发生错误返回的信息

  Docket的源码

/*Docket的源码Docket中拥有的属性，Swagger可更改这些属性
*/
//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
//package springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins;import com.fasterxml.classmate.ResolvedType;
import com.fasterxml.classmate.TypeResolver;
import com.google.common.base.Function;
import com.google.common.base.Optional;
import com.google.common.collect.FluentIterable;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
import com.google.common.collect.Ordering;
import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import springfox.documentation.PathProvider;
import springfox.documentation.annotations.Incubating;
import springfox.documentation.builders.BuilderDefaults;
import springfox.documentation.schema.AlternateTypeRule;
import springfox.documentation.schema.AlternateTypeRules;
import springfox.documentation.schema.CodeGenGenericTypeNamingStrategy;
import springfox.documentation.schema.DefaultGenericTypeNamingStrategy;
import springfox.documentation.schema.WildcardType;
import springfox.documentation.service.ApiDescription;
import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;
import springfox.documentation.service.ApiListingReference;
import springfox.documentation.service.Operation;
import springfox.documentation.service.Parameter;
import springfox.documentation.service.ResponseMessage;
import springfox.documentation.service.SecurityScheme;
import springfox.documentation.service.Tag;
import springfox.documentation.service.VendorExtension;
import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
import springfox.documentation.spi.schema.GenericTypeNamingStrategy;
import springfox.documentation.spi.service.DocumentationPlugin;
import springfox.documentation.spi.service.contexts.ApiSelector;
import springfox.documentation.spi.service.contexts.DocumentationContext;
import springfox.documentation.spi.service.contexts.DocumentationContextBuilder;
import springfox.documentation.spi.service.contexts.SecurityContext;public class Docket implements DocumentationPlugin {public static final String DEFAULT_GROUP_NAME = "default";private final DocumentationType documentationType;private final List<SecurityContext> securityContexts = Lists.newArrayList();private final Map<RequestMethod, List<ResponseMessage>> responseMessages = Maps.newHashMap();private final List<Parameter> globalOperationParameters = Lists.newArrayList();private final List<Function<TypeResolver, AlternateTypeRule>> ruleBuilders = Lists.newArrayList();private final Set<Class> ignorableParameterTypes = Sets.newHashSet();private final Set<String> protocols = Sets.newHashSet();private final Set<String> produces = Sets.newHashSet();private final Set<String> consumes = Sets.newHashSet();private final Set<ResolvedType> additionalModels = Sets.newHashSet();private final Set<Tag> tags = Sets.newHashSet();private PathProvider pathProvider;private List<? extends SecurityScheme> securitySchemes;private Ordering<ApiListingReference> apiListingReferenceOrdering;private Ordering<ApiDescription> apiDescriptionOrdering;private Ordering<Operation> operationOrdering;private ApiInfo apiInfo;private String groupName;private boolean enabled;//是否启动swaggerprivate GenericTypeNamingStrategy genericsNamingStrategy;private boolean applyDefaultResponseMessages;private String host;private Optional<String> pathMapping;private ApiSelector apiSelector;private boolean enableUrlTemplating;private List<VendorExtension> vendorExtensions;public Docket(DocumentationType documentationType) {this.apiInfo = ApiInfo.DEFAULT;this.groupName = "default";this.enabled = true;this.genericsNamingStrategy = new DefaultGenericTypeNamingStrategy();this.applyDefaultResponseMessages = true;this.host = "";this.pathMapping = Optional.absent();this.apiSelector = ApiSelector.DEFAULT;this.enableUrlTemplating = false;this.vendorExtensions = Lists.newArrayList();this.documentationType = documentationType;}public Docket extensions(List<VendorExtension> vendorExtensions) {this.vendorExtensions.addAll(vendorExtensions);return this;}public Docket apiInfo(ApiInfo apiInfo) {this.apiInfo = (ApiInfo)BuilderDefaults.defaultIfAbsent(apiInfo, apiInfo);return this;}public Docket securitySchemes(List<? extends SecurityScheme> securitySchemes) {this.securitySchemes = securitySchemes;return this;}public Docket securityContexts(List<SecurityContext> securityContexts) {this.securityContexts.addAll(securityContexts);return this;}public Docket groupName(String groupName) {this.groupName = (String)BuilderDefaults.defaultIfAbsent(groupName, this.groupName);return this;}public Docket pathProvider(PathProvider pathProvider) {this.pathProvider = pathProvider;return this;}public Docket globalResponseMessage(RequestMethod requestMethod, List<ResponseMessage> responseMessages) {this.responseMessages.put(requestMethod, responseMessages);return this;}public Docket globalOperationParameters(List<Parameter> operationParameters) {this.globalOperationParameters.addAll(BuilderDefaults.nullToEmptyList(operationParameters));return this;}public Docket ignoredParameterTypes(Class... classes) {this.ignorableParameterTypes.addAll(Arrays.asList(classes));return this;}public Docket produces(Set<String> produces) {this.produces.addAll(produces);return this;}public Docket consumes(Set<String> consumes) {this.consumes.addAll(consumes);return this;}@Incubating("2.3")public Docket host(String host) {this.host = (String)BuilderDefaults.defaultIfAbsent(host, this.host);return this;}public Docket protocols(Set<String> protocols) {this.protocols.addAll(protocols);return this;}public Docket alternateTypeRules(AlternateTypeRule... alternateTypeRules) {this.ruleBuilders.addAll(FluentIterable.from(Lists.newArrayList(alternateTypeRules)).transform(this.identityRuleBuilder()).toList());return this;}public Docket operationOrdering(Ordering<Operation> operationOrdering) {this.operationOrdering = operationOrdering;return this;}public Docket directModelSubstitute(Class clazz, Class with) {this.ruleBuilders.add(this.newSubstitutionFunction(clazz, with));return this;}public Docket genericModelSubstitutes(Class... genericClasses) {Class[] arr$ = genericClasses;int len$ = genericClasses.length;for(int i$ = 0; i$ < len$; ++i$) {Class clz = arr$[i$];this.ruleBuilders.add(this.newGenericSubstitutionFunction(clz));}return this;}public Docket useDefaultResponseMessages(boolean apply) {this.applyDefaultResponseMessages = apply;return this;}public Docket apiListingReferenceOrdering(Ordering<ApiListingReference> apiListingReferenceOrdering) {this.apiListingReferenceOrdering = apiListingReferenceOrdering;return this;}public Docket apiDescriptionOrdering(Ordering<ApiDescription> apiDescriptionOrdering) {this.apiDescriptionOrdering = apiDescriptionOrdering;return this;}public Docket enable(boolean externallyConfiguredFlag) {this.enabled = externallyConfiguredFlag;return this;}public Docket forCodeGeneration(boolean forCodeGen) {if (forCodeGen) {this.genericsNamingStrategy = new CodeGenGenericTypeNamingStrategy();}return this;}public Docket pathMapping(String path) {this.pathMapping = Optional.fromNullable(path);return this;}@Incubating("2.1.0")public Docket enableUrlTemplating(boolean enabled) {this.enableUrlTemplating = enabled;return this;}public Docket additionalModels(ResolvedType first, ResolvedType... remaining) {this.additionalModels.add(first);this.additionalModels.addAll(Sets.newHashSet(remaining));return this;}public Docket tags(Tag first, Tag... remaining) {this.tags.add(first);this.tags.addAll(Sets.newHashSet(remaining));return this;}public ApiSelectorBuilder select() {return new ApiSelectorBuilder(this);}public DocumentationContext configure(DocumentationContextBuilder builder) {return builder.apiInfo(this.apiInfo).selector(this.apiSelector).applyDefaultResponseMessages(this.applyDefaultResponseMessages).additionalResponseMessages(this.responseMessages).additionalOperationParameters(this.globalOperationParameters).additionalIgnorableTypes(this.ignorableParameterTypes).ruleBuilders(this.ruleBuilders).groupName(this.groupName).pathProvider(this.pathProvider).securityContexts(this.securityContexts).securitySchemes(this.securitySchemes).apiListingReferenceOrdering(this.apiListingReferenceOrdering).apiDescriptionOrdering(this.apiDescriptionOrdering).operationOrdering(this.operationOrdering).produces(this.produces).consumes(this.consumes).host(this.host).protocols(this.protocols).genericsNaming(this.genericsNamingStrategy).pathMapping(this.pathMapping).enableUrlTemplating(this.enableUrlTemplating).additionalModels(this.additionalModels).tags(this.tags).vendorExtentions(this.vendorExtensions).build();}public String getGroupName() {return this.groupName;}public boolean isEnabled() {return this.enabled;}public DocumentationType getDocumentationType() {return this.documentationType;}public boolean supports(DocumentationType delimiter) {return this.documentationType.equals(delimiter);}private Function<AlternateTypeRule, Function<TypeResolver, AlternateTypeRule>> identityRuleBuilder() {return new Function<AlternateTypeRule, Function<TypeResolver, AlternateTypeRule>>() {public Function<TypeResolver, AlternateTypeRule> apply(AlternateTypeRule rule) {return Docket.this.identityFunction(rule);}};}private Function<TypeResolver, AlternateTypeRule> identityFunction(final AlternateTypeRule rule) {return new Function<TypeResolver, AlternateTypeRule>() {public AlternateTypeRule apply(TypeResolver typeResolver) {return rule;}};}Docket selector(ApiSelector apiSelector) {this.apiSelector = apiSelector;return this;}private Function<TypeResolver, AlternateTypeRule> newSubstitutionFunction(final Class clazz, final Class with) {return new Function<TypeResolver, AlternateTypeRule>() {public AlternateTypeRule apply(TypeResolver typeResolver) {return AlternateTypeRules.newRule(typeResolver.resolve(clazz, new Type[0]), typeResolver.resolve(with, new Type[0]), -2147480648);}};}private Function<TypeResolver, AlternateTypeRule> newGenericSubstitutionFunction(final Class clz) {return new Function<TypeResolver, AlternateTypeRule>() {public AlternateTypeRule apply(TypeResolver typeResolver) {return AlternateTypeRules.newRule(typeResolver.resolve(clz, new Type[]{WildcardType.class}), typeResolver.resolve(WildcardType.class, new Type[0]), -2147481648);}};}
}

 

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