6.开源非对称加密算法SM2实现
6.开源非对称加密算法SM2实现
前期内容导读:
- 开源加解密RSA/AES/SHA1/PGP/SM2/SM3/SM4介绍
- 开源AES/SM4/3DES对称加密算法介绍及其实现
- 开源AES/SM4/3DES对称加密算法的验证实现
- 开源非对称加密算法RSA/SM2实现及其应用
- 开源非对称加密算法RSA实现
1. 开源组件 非对称秘钥加密介绍
- 加密组件引入方法:
<dependency><groupId>com.biuqu</groupId><artifactId>bq-encryptor</artifactId><version>1.0.1</version> </dependency>
1.1 SM2的加解密实现
- 加解密核心逻辑
public byte[] doCipher(byte[] data, byte[] key, int cipherMode) {SM2Engine.Mode mode = SM2Engine.Mode.C1C2C3;if (!this.getPaddingMode().equalsIgnoreCase(String.valueOf(DEFAULT_MODE))){mode = SM2Engine.Mode.C1C3C2;}SM2Engine sm2Engine = new SM2Engine(mode);this.initSm2Engine(sm2Engine, key, cipherMode);try{return sm2Engine.processBlock(data, 0, data.length);}catch (Exception e){throw new EncryptionException("failed to do sm2 cipher.", e);} }private void initSm2Engine(SM2Engine sm2Engine, byte[] key, int cipherMode) {if (Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE == cipherMode){ECPublicKey keyObj = (ECPublicKey)this.toPubKey(key);ECDomainParameters domainParam = this.getDomainParam(keyObj);ECKeyParameters keyParam = new ECPublicKeyParameters(keyObj.getQ(), domainParam);byte[] initKey = UUID.randomUUID().toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);sm2Engine.init(true, new ParametersWithRandom(keyParam, this.createRandom(initKey)));}else{ECPrivateKey keyObj = (ECPrivateKey)this.toPriKey(key);ECDomainParameters domainParam = this.getDomainParam(keyObj);ECKeyParameters keyParam = new ECPrivateKeyParameters(keyObj.getD(), domainParam);sm2Engine.init(false, keyParam);} }
说明:
- 上面的代码阐述了加解密的核心流程:根据二进制生成秘钥,再基于单独的API计算得到加解密结果,该计算逻辑完全不同于以往的加解密API;
- 通过上述核心代码逻辑,再对比上篇5.非对称加密算法RSA实现,可知SM2本身是支持分段的;
- 通过秘钥二进制反向生成秘钥对象是一个有意思且有点复杂的事情,后面再单独说明;
1.2 SM2生成秘钥及转换实现
-
秘钥生成逻辑
public KeyPair createKey(byte[] initKey) {try{ECGenParameterSpec paramSpec = new ECGenParameterSpec(SM2_VERSION);KeyPairGenerator keyGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(ALGORITHM, this.getProvider());if (null == initKey){initKey = UUID.randomUUID().toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);}SecureRandom random = this.createRandom(initKey);keyGen.initialize(paramSpec, random);return keyGen.generateKeyPair();}catch (Exception e){throw new EncryptionException("failed to get sm2 key.", e);} }
-
公钥、私钥反向生成逻辑
public PublicKey toPubKey(byte[] pubKey) {try{String hexKey = Hex.toHexString(pubKey);KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM, this.getProvider());if (hexKey.startsWith(STANDARD_HEX_KEY_PREFIX)){return kf.generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(pubKey));}else{// 获取SM2相关参数X9ECParameters ecParam = GMNamedCurves.getByName(SM2_VERSION);// 将公钥HEX字符串转换为椭圆曲线对应的点ECCurve ecCurve = ecParam.getCurve();ECPoint ecPoint = ecCurve.decodePoint(pubKey);// 椭圆曲线参数规格ECParameterSpec ecSpec = new ECParameterSpec(ecCurve, ecParam.getG(), ecParam.getN(), ecParam.getH());// 将椭圆曲线点转为公钥KEY对象return kf.generatePublic(new ECPublicKeySpec(ecPoint, ecSpec));}}catch (Exception e){throw new EncryptionException("failed to get sm2 pub key.", e);} }public PrivateKey toPriKey(byte[] priKey) {try{String hexKey = Hex.toHexString(priKey);KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM, this.getProvider());if (hexKey.startsWith(STANDARD_HEX_KEY_PREFIX)){PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(priKey);return kf.generatePrivate(keySpec);}else{// 获取SM2相关参数X9ECParameters ecParam = GMNamedCurves.getByName(SM2_VERSION);ECCurve ecCurve = ecParam.getCurve();// 椭圆曲线参数规格ECParameterSpec ecSpec = new ECParameterSpec(ecCurve, ecParam.getG(), ecParam.getN(), ecParam.getH());// 将私钥HEX字符串转换为16进制的数字值BigInteger bigInteger = new BigInteger(Hex.toHexString(priKey), EncryptionConst.HEX_UNIT);// 将X值转为私钥KEY对象return kf.generatePrivate(new ECPrivateKeySpec(bigInteger, ecSpec));}}catch (Exception e){throw new EncryptionException("failed to get sm2 pri key.", e);} }
说明:SM2基于椭圆的原理来加解密,其秘钥生成和解析方式也与其它方式不同。
- SM2支持标准的秘钥生成方式:
BaseSingleSignature sm2 = new Sm2Encryption(); KeyPair keyPair = sm2.createKey(UUID.randomUUID().toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); byte[] priKey0 = keyPair.getPrivate().getEncoded(); byte[] pubKey0 = keyPair.getPublic().getEncoded();
- SM2支持非标准的秘钥生成方式:
BaseSingleSignature sm2 = new Sm2Encryption(); KeyPair keyPair = sm2.createKey(UUID.randomUUID().toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); byte[] priKey1 = ((BCECPrivateKey)keyPair.getPrivate()).getD().toByteArray(); byte[] pubKey1 = ((BCECPublicKey)keyPair.getPublic()).getQ().getEncoded(false); byte[] pubKey2 = ((BCECPublicKey)keyPair.getPublic()).getQ().getEncoded(true);
- 上述正文部分的秘钥转换逻辑可以无感兼容上述各种秘钥场景。有兴趣可以看看此算法的单元测试类。PS:网上资料通常只描述了其中一种秘钥生成场景,但是相互间是不兼容的。
-
签名和验签判定逻辑:
public byte[] sign(byte[] data, byte[] key) {try{PrivateKey priKey = this.toPriKey(key);Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(this.getSignatureAlg(), this.getProvider());signature.initSign(priKey);signature.update(data);return signature.sign();}catch (Exception e){throw new EncryptionException("failed to signature.", e);} }public boolean verify(byte[] data, byte[] key, byte[] sign) {try{PublicKey pubKey = this.toPubKey(key);Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(this.getSignatureAlg(), this.getProvider());signature.initVerify(pubKey);signature.update(data);return signature.verify(sign);}catch (Exception e){throw new EncryptionException("failed to verify signature.", e);} }
-
SM2加密批量验证逻辑
@Test public void encrypt() {int[] encLengths = {256};super.encrypt(encLengths); }@Test public void testEncryptAndSign() {String initKey = UUID.randomUUID() + new String(RandomUtils.nextBytes(5000), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);int[] encLengths = {256};BaseSingleSignature encryption = new Sm2Encryption();for (int encLen : encLengths){encryption.setEncryptLen(encLen);KeyPair keyPair = encryption.createKey(initKey.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));super.testEncryptAndSign(encryption, keyPair.getPrivate().getEncoded(), keyPair.getPublic().getEncoded());} }
说明:
- SM2可以不用设置加密长度,因为默认只有一个,同理我们也无需关心其填充算法;
- 通过单元测试对比RSA算法可知,SM2由于秘钥非常短,其秘钥生成和加解密效率明显高于RSA;
2. 总结:
- 基于
BouncyCastle
的SM2
由于其算法独特性,与其它的算法实现差异加大,但是在实际使用时,由于其秘钥非常短,在核心的加解密执行效率上是有一定优势的; - SM2支持多种方式的秘钥生成,本开源组件较好地解决了秘钥不同方式生成的兼容问题;
- SM2算法相对来说还比较新,在有些
秘改
(国密改造)场景时,还无法做到。因为大部分开源组件只支持标准协议,一般支持p256v1
非对称加密,但是不支持sm2p256v1
,国人仍需努力。