vue 动画(transition)
一、 实现原理
在插入、更新、移除 DOM
元素时,在合适的时候给元素添加样式类名,配合 CSS
样式使用,实现动画效果。
通俗来讲,就是将要进行动画操作的 DOM
元素用 transition
标签包裹起来。在此html元素运动前,运动中,运动后这三个时候 vue
会给此 DOM
元素添加不同的 class
,然后配合 CSS
样式,实现动画效果。
示例:
<template><div><button @click="bol = !bol">隐藏/显示</button><!-- Vue 的内置动画标签 transition --><transition><!-- 只能包含 1 个元素 --><h1 v-show="bol">组件动画效果</h1><!-- 需要设置 v-show / v-if 属性控制元素的显示 --></transition></div>
</template><script>
export default {name: "TestDemo",data() {return { bol: true };},
};
</script><style>
/* 进入:始状态 */
.v-enter {transform: translateX(-100%);color: red;
}
/* 进入:末状态 */
.v-enter-to {transform: translateX(0);color: yellow;
}
/* 进入动画 */
.v-enter-active {transition: 10s;color: linear-gradient(red,yellow);;
}/* 离开:始状态 */
.v-leave {transform: translateX(0);
}
/* 离开:末状态 */
.v-leave-to {transform: translateX(-100%);
}
/* 离开动画 */
.v-leave-active {transition: 1s;
}
</style>
二、 transition 标签
Vue
的内置动画标签:transition
transition
标签只能包含 1 个元素;如果里面写了多个元素,则只生效第一个transition
包裹的标签需要设置v-show
/v-if
属性控制元素的显示
三、 动画 CSS 样式对应的类名
- 进入:
.v-enter
始状态、.v-enter-to
末状态、.v-enter-active
进入动画 - 离开:
.v-leave
始状态、.v-leave-to
末状态、.v-leave-active
离开动画 .v-enter
、.v-leave
定义了动画的初始状态,在里面可以定义初始的位置,颜色,字体等。.v-enter-to
、.v-leave-to
定义了动画的最终状态,这两个类的定义最好和 DOM 的 class保持一致,否则动画结束后会瞬间从.v-enter-to
、.v-leave-to
的样式转变为 DOM 的样式(实例一,实例二).v-enter-active
、.v-leave-active
定义了动画的渐变规则,比如是位置渐变的话会定义渐变的时间,路径;颜色渐变的话会定义颜色相关的渐变规则
3.1 实例一
会从红色渐变为黄色
<template><div><button @click="bol = !bol">隐藏/显示</button><transition><h1 v-show="bol" class="demo">组件动画效果</h1></transition></div></template><script>export default {name: "TestDemo",data() {return { bol: true };},};</script><style>.v-enter-active,.v-leave-active {transition: 10s !important;color: linear-gradient(red,yellow) !important;}.demo {color: yellow;}.v-enter,.v-leave-to {transform: translateX(-50%);color: red;}</style>
3.2 实例二
会从红色渐变为黄色,然后瞬间变为黑色
<template><div><button @click="bol = !bol">隐藏/显示</button><transition><h1 v-show="bol" class="demo">组件动画效果</h1></transition></div>
</template><script>
export default {name: "TestDemo",data() {return { bol: true };},
};
</script>
<style>
.v-enter,
.v-leave-to {transform: translateX(-50%);color: red;
}.v-enter-to,
.v-leave {transform: translateX(0);color: yellow;
}.v-enter-active,
.v-leave-active {transition: 10s !important;color: linear-gradient(red, yellow) !important;
}
</style>
四、 transition 标签的属性
4.1 name 属性
用于自动生成 CSS 动画类名
- 如果
transition
标签元素没有设置name
属性,则对应的动画类名为v-XXX
- 果设置了
name
属性,则对应的动画类名为属性值-XXX
- 当存在多个
tansition
标签时,我们可以通过name
属性给各个transition
标签指定不同的CSS
动画效果
4.2 appear 属性
一开始就生效显示动画
4.3 mode 属性
in-out
: 新元素先进行过渡,完成之后当前元素过渡离开out-in
: 当前元素先进行过渡,完成之后新元素过渡进入
4.4 示例
<template><div><button @click="bol = !bol">隐藏/显示</button><!-- Vue 的内置动画标签 transition --><transition name="test" appear><!-- 只能包含 1 个元素 --><h1 v-show="bol">组件动画效果</h1><!-- 需要设置 v-show / v-if 属性控制元素的显示 --></transition></div>
</template><script>
export default {name: "TestDemo",data() {return { bol: true };},
};
</script><style>
.test-enter,
.test-leave-to {transform: translateX(-50%);color: red;
}.test-enter-to,
.test-leave {transform: translateX(0);color: yellow;
}.test-enter-active,
.test-leave-active {transition: 10s !important;color: linear-gradient(red,yellow) !important;
}
</style>
五、 transition-group 标签
transition
标签只能包含 1 个元素、transition-group
标签可以包含多个元素transition-group
标签里面的元素需要设置key
属性,作为当前元素的唯一标识- 除此之外,其它用法都和
transition
标签一样
<template><div id="app"><button @click="isEditing = !isEditing">切换</button><transition-group appear><h1 v-if="isEditing" key="save">Save</h1><h1 v-if="!isEditing" key="edit">Edit</h1></transition-group></div>
</template><script>
export default {name: "TestDemo",data() {return { isEditing: true };},
};
</script><style>
h1 {transition: 3s;position: absolute;
}
.v-leave {opacity: 1;
}
.v-leave-to {opacity: 0;
}
.v-enter {opacity: 0;
}
.v-enter-to {opacity: 1;
}
</style>
六、 JavaScript钩子函数
@before-enter="beforeEnter"@enter="enter"@after-enter="afterEnter"@enter-cancelled="enterCancelled"@before-leave="beforeLeave"@leave="leave"@after-leave="afterLeave"@leave-cancelled="leaveCancelled"methods: {// --------// 进入中// --------beforeEnter: function (el) {console.log('beforeEnter');console.log(el);},// 当与 CSS 结合使用时// 回调函数 done 是可选的enter: function (el, done) {console.log('enter');console.log(el);done()},afterEnter: function (el) {console.log('afterEnter');console.log(el);},enterCancelled: function (el) {console.log('enterCancelled');console.log(el);},// --------// 离开时// --------beforeLeave: function (el) {console.log('beforeLeave');console.log(el);},leave: function (el, done) {console.log('leave');console.log(el);done()},afterLeave: function (el) {console.log('afterLeave');console.log(el);},// leaveCancelled 只用于 v-show 中leaveCancelled: function (el) {console.log('leaveCancelled');console.log(el);}},
七、 vue实现动画的多种方法
7.1 transition
<template><div><button @click="bol = !bol">隐藏/显示</button><transition name="fade"><p v-if="bol">hello</p></transition></div>
</template><script>
export default {name: "TestDemo",data() {return { bol: true };},
};
</script><style scoped>
.fade-enter-active,
.fade-leave-active {transition: all 3s;
}
.fade-enter,
.fade-leave-to {opacity: 0;width: 100px;
}
p {border: 1px solid red;width: 300px;
}
</style>
7.2 animation + @keyframes
<template><div><button @click="bol = !bol">隐藏/显示</button><transition name="bounce"><p v-show="bol" class="demo">组件动画效果</p></transition></div>
</template><script>
export default {name: "TestDemo",data() {return { bol: true };},
};
</script>
<style>
.bounce-enter-active {animation: bounce-in 5s;
}
.bounce-leave-active {animation: bounce-in 5s reverse;
}
@keyframes bounce-in {0% {transform: scale(0);}50% {transform: scale(1.5);}100% {transform: scale(1);}
}
</style>
7.3 animate.css
- 安装:
npm install animate.css
- 引入样式库:
import "animate.css"
- 给指定的
transition
标签添加name
属性animate_animate、animate__bounce
- 配置
enter-active-class
属性,指定进入动画:在样式库中挑一个进入的样式值,作为enter-active-class
属性值 - 配置
leave-active-class
属性,指定退出动画:在样式库中挑一个退出的样式值,作为leave-active-class
属性值
<template><div><button @click="bol = !bol">隐藏/显示</button><transitionname="animate__animated animate__bounce"enter-active-class="animate__bounceIn"leave-active-class="animate__bounceOut"><p v-show="bol" name="animate_animate">组件动画效果</p></transition></div>
</template><script>
import "animate.css";
export default {name: "TestDemo",data() {return { bol: true };},
};
</script>
7.4 JavaScript钩子
- 当只用
JavaScript
过渡时,在enter
和leave
中必须使用done
进行回调。否则,它们将被同步调用,过渡会立即完成。 - 推荐对于仅使用
JavaScript
过渡的元素添加v-bind:css="false"
,Vue
会跳过CSS
的检测。这也可以避免过渡过程中CSS
的影响。
7.5 Velocity.js
- 安装:
npm install velocity-animate
<template><div id="app"><button @click="show = !show">显示/隐藏</button><br /><transitionv-on:before-enter="beforeEnter"v-on:enter="enter"v-on:leave="leave"v-bind:css="false"><p v-show="show">hello</p></transition></div>
</template><script>
import Velocity from "velocity-animate";export default {name: "App",data: function () {return {show: true,};},methods: {beforeEnter: function (el) {el.style.opacity = 0;},enter: function (el, done) {Velocity(el,{rotateZ: "0deg",translateY: "0px",translateX: "0px",opacity: 1,},{ complete: done });},leave: function (el, done) {Velocity(el,{rotateZ: "45deg",translateY: "30px",translateX: "30px",opacity: 0,},{ complete: done });},},
};
</script>
7.6 多个元素的过渡
<template><div id="example-2"><transition name="fade" mode="out-in"><button v-if="isEditing" key="save" @click="isEditing = !isEditing">Save</button><button v-else key="edit" @click="isEditing = !isEditing">Edit</button></transition></div>
</template><script>
export default {name: "TransitionTest",data() {return {name: "TransitionTest",isEditing: false,};}
};
</script>
<style scoped>
.fade-enter-active,
.fade-leave-active {transition: all 1s;
}
.fade-enter {opacity: 0;transform: translateX(50px);
}
.fade-leave-to {opacity: 0;transform: translateX(-50px);
}#example-2 {position: relative;padding: 100px;
}
#example-2 button {position: absolute;
}
</style>
7.7 多个组件的过渡
<template><div id="transition-components-demo"><button @click="view = 'VA'">a</button><button @click="view = 'VB'">b</button><transition name="component-fade" mode="out-in"><component v-bind:is="view"></component></transition></div>
</template><script>
import VA from "./VA.vue";
import VB from "./VB.vue";export default {name: "TransitionTest",data() {return {view: "VA",};},components: {VA,VB,},
};
</script>
<style scoped>
.component-fade-enter-active,
.component-fade-leave-active {transition: opacity 2s ease;
}
.component-fade-enter,
.component-fade-leave-to {opacity: 0;
}
</style>
7.8 for循环怎么动画 (列表的进入/离开过渡)
<template><div id="list-demo" class="demo"><button v-on:click="add">Add</button><button v-on:click="remove">Remove</button><transition-group name="list" tag="p"><span v-for="item in items" :key="item" class="list-item">{{ item }}</span></transition-group></div>
</template><script>
export default {name: "TransitionTest",data() {return {items: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9],nextNum: 10,};},methods: {randomIndex: function () {return Math.floor(Math.random() * this.items.length);},add: function () {this.items.splice(this.randomIndex(), 0, this.nextNum++);},remove: function () {this.items.splice(this.randomIndex(), 1);},},
};
</script>
<style scoped>
.list-item {display: inline-block;margin-right: 10px;
}
.list-enter-active,
.list-leave-active {transition: all 1s;
}
.list-enter, .list-leave-to {opacity: 0;transform: translateY(30px);
}
</style>
参考
- 【Vue】transition 标签的使用
- Vue之transition
- 过渡 & 动画