当前位置：首页 > news >正文

【Vue3 组件封装】vue3 轮播图组件封装

news 2025/7/16 7:55:19

文章目录

- 轮播图功能-获取数据
- 轮播图-通用轮播图组件
- 轮播图-数据渲染
- 轮播图-逻辑封装

轮播图功能-获取数据

目标: 基于pinia获取轮播图数据

核心代码：

（1）在types/data.d.ts文件中定义轮播图数据的类型声明

// 所有接口的通用类型
export type ApiRes <T> = {code: string,msg: string,result: T
}
// 轮播图类型
export type BannerItem = {hrefUrl: stringid: stringimgUrl: stringtype: string
}

（2）在store/home.ts文件中封装接口，用于获取轮播图数据

import { ApiRes, BannerItem } from '@/types/data'
import request from '@/utils/request'
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'export default defineStore('home', {state: () => ({bannerList: [] as BannerItem[],}),actions: {async getBannerList() {const {data: res} = await request.get<ApiRes<BannerItem[]>>('/home/banner')this.bannerList = res.result},},
})

(3)在store/index.ts中导入

import useCategoryStore from './modules/category'
import useHomeStore from './modules/home'
export default function useStore() {return {category: useCategoryStore(),home: useHomeStore(),}
}

（4）通过开发者工具查看数据

<script lang="ts" setup>
import useStore from '@/store'const { home } = useStore()
home.getBannerList()
</script>

在这里插入图片描述

轮播图-通用轮播图组件

项目中会多次使用到轮播图组件，但是轮播图渲染的数据是不一样的。

但是轮播图的基本功能都是一样的，比如图片切换，自动播放等等。

因此需要封装一个通用的轮播图组件。

（1）通用轮播图的基本结构src/components/carousel/index.vue

fade 类：用于控制图片的显示和隐藏

active 类：用于控制小圆点高亮

<script lang="ts" setup name="Carousel">
defineProps()
</script><template><div class="carousel"><ul class="carousel-body"><li class="carousel-item fade"><RouterLink to="/"><imgsrc="http://yjy-xiaotuxian-dev.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/picture/2021-04-15/1ba86bcc-ae71-42a3-bc3e-37b662f7f07e.jpg"alt=""/></RouterLink></li><li class="carousel-item"><RouterLink to="/"><imgsrc="http://yjy-xiaotuxian-dev.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/picture/2021-04-15/1ba86bcc-ae71-42a3-bc3e-37b662f7f07e.jpg"alt=""/></RouterLink></li><li class="carousel-item"><RouterLink to="/"><imgsrc="http://yjy-xiaotuxian-dev.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/picture/2021-04-15/1ba86bcc-ae71-42a3-bc3e-37b662f7f07e.jpg"alt=""/></RouterLink></li></ul><a href="javascript:;" class="carousel-btn prev"><i class="iconfont icon-angle-left"></i></a><a href="javascript:;" class="carousel-btn next"><i class="iconfont icon-angle-right"></i></a><div class="carousel-indicator"><span class="active"></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></div></div>
</template><style scoped lang="less">
.xtxcarousel {width: 100%;height: 100%;min-width: 300px;min-height: 150px;position: relative;.carousel {&-body {width: 100%;height: 100%;}&-item {width: 100%;height: 100%;position: absolute;left: 0;top: 0;opacity: 0;transition: opacity 0.5s linear;&.fade {opacity: 1;z-index: 1;}img {width: 100%;height: 100%;}}&-indicator {position: absolute;left: 0;bottom: 20px;z-index: 2;width: 100%;text-align: center;span {display: inline-block;width: 12px;height: 12px;background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);border-radius: 50%;cursor: pointer;~ span {margin-left: 12px;}&.active {background: #fff;}}}&-btn {width: 44px;height: 44px;background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);color: #fff;border-radius: 50%;position: absolute;top: 228px;z-index: 2;text-align: center;line-height: 44px;opacity: 0;transition: all 0.5s;&.prev {left: 20px;}&.next {right: 20px;}}}&:hover {.carousel-btn {opacity: 1;}}
}
</style>

（2）全局注册通用轮播图 src/components/index.ts

import type { App } from 'vue'
import skelecton from './skeleton/index.vue'
+import Carousel from './carousel/index.vue'
export default {install(app: App) {app.component(skelecton.name, skelecton)
+    app.component(Carousel.name, Carousel)},
}

（3）在广告组件中使用src/views/home/components/home-banner.vue

<template><div class="home-banner"><!-- 轮播图 --><Carousel></XtxCarousel></div>
</template>

（4）覆盖样式，控制箭头和小圆点的位置src/views/home/components/home-banner.vue

:deep(.carousel-btn.prev) {left: 270px!important;
}
:deep(.carousel-indicator) {padding-left: 250px;
}

（5）查看效果

在这里插入图片描述

轮播图-数据渲染

目的

home-banner组件把数据传递给Carousel组件进行渲染

（1）父传子的方式将数据传给通用轮播图组件src/views/home/components/home-banner.vue

<Carousel :slides="home.bannerList"></Carousel>

（2）子组件接收数据src/components/carousel/index.vue

了解写法：如果通过js的方法定义类型，需要单独引入PropType进行编写

<script lang="ts" setup name="Carousel">
import { BannerItem } from '@/types/data'
// import { PropType } from 'vue'// defineProps({
//   slides: {
//     type: Array as PropType<BannerItem[]>,
//     required: true,
//   },
// })
defineProps<{slides: BannerItem[]
}>()
</script>

（3）渲染轮播图数据src/components/carousel/index.vue

<template><div class="carousel"><ul class="carousel-body"><li class="carousel-item fade" v-for="item in slides" :key="item.id"><RouterLink :to="item.hrefUrl"><img :src="item.imgUrl" alt="" /></RouterLink></li></ul><a href="javascript:;" class="carousel-btn prev"><i class="iconfont icon-angle-left"></i></a><a href="javascript:;" class="carousel-btn next"><i class="iconfont icon-angle-right"></i></a><div class="carousel-indicator"><span v-for="item in slides" :key="item.id" class="active"></span></div></div>
</template>

（4）控制高亮的下标

<script lang="ts" setup name="Carousel">const active = ref(0)
</script>

（5）高亮渲染

添加的fade的图片才会展示，所以根据当前索引号进行判断，索引号等于active的才进行展示
添加了active类名的小圆点才会高亮，高亮逻辑跟图片一致

<template><div class="carousel"><ul class="carousel-body"><liclass="carousel-item"
+        :class="{ fade: active === index }"
+        v-for="(item, index) in slides":key="item.id"><RouterLink :to="item.hrefUrl"><img :src="item.imgUrl" alt="" /></RouterLink></li></ul><a href="javascript:;" class="carousel-btn prev"><i class="iconfont icon-angle-left"></i></a><a href="javascript:;" class="carousel-btn next"><i class="iconfont icon-angle-right"></i></a><div class="carousel-indicator"><span
+        v-for="(item, index) in slides":key="item.id"
+        :class="{ active: active === index }"></span></div></div>
</template>

轮播图-逻辑封装

实现需求：

轮播图里面的图片需要从父组件传入(因为轮播组件可以复用)
父组件需要控制轮播图的是否自动播放、动画时间（处理默认值逻辑）
是否自动播放和动画时间都是需要默认值的(如果不传就可以使用轮播组件自己提供的默认值)

播放逻辑
点击小圆点可以切换图片
点击prev和next按钮可以播放指定图片(根据图片个数判断播放的循环)
如果父组件配置了自动播放，则需要定时播放图片
鼠标进入轮播图，暂停轮播
鼠标离开轮播图，继续轮播
注意点：组件卸载的时候需要清除定时轮播效果(不然组件重新加载的时候会导致多个定时器开启)

（1）父组件传值给轮播图src/views/home/components/home-banner.vue

<template><div class="home-banner"><!-- 轮播图 --><Carousel :slides="slides" autoPlay :duration="3000"></XtxCarousel></div>
</template>

（2）props接收src/components/Carousel.vue

<script lang="ts" setup name="Carousel">
import { BannerItem } from '@/types/data'
import { ref, PropType } from 'vue'defineProps({slides: {type: Array as PropType<BannerItem[]>,required: true,},autoPlay: {type: Boolean,default: false,},duration: {type: Number,default: 3000,},
})const active = ref(0)
</script>

（3）轮播图的播放逻辑

<script lang="ts" setup name="Carousel">
import { BannerItem } from '@/types/data'
import { onMounted, onUnmounted, PropType, ref } from 'vue'
// import { PropType } from 'vue'const props = defineProps({slides: {type: Array as PropType<BannerItem[]>,required: true,},duration: {type: Number,default: 3000,},autoPlay: {type: Boolean,default: false,},
})
// const props = defineProps<{
//   slides: BannerItem[]
// }>()// 控制高亮
const active = ref(0)const prev = () => {if (active.value <= 0) {active.value = props.slides.length - 1} else {active.value--}
}const next = () => {if (active.value >= props.slides.length - 1) {active.value = 0} else {active.value++}
}const play = () => {// 如果没有自动播放if (!props.autoPlay) return// 在ts中，使用定时器，window.setIntervaltimer = window.setInterval(() => {next()}, props.duration)
}
const stop = () => {clearInterval(timer)
}let timer = -1
// 自动播放
onMounted(() => {play()
})onUnmounted(() => {stop()
})
</script>

（4）鼠标进入和离开操作

<div class="carousel" @mouseenter="stop" @mouseleave="play">

（5）鼠标经过小圆点切换

<spanv-for="(item, index) in slides":key="item.id":class="{ active: active === index }"@mouseenter="active = index"
></span>

（6）点击左右箭头切换

const prev = () => {if (active.value === 0) {active.value = props.slides.length - 1} else {active.value--}
}
const next = () => {if (active.value === props.slides.length - 1) {active.value = 0} else {active.value++}
}// 注册事件
<a href="javascript:;" class="carousel-btn prev" @click="prev"><i class="iconfont icon-angle-left"></i>
</a>
<a href="javascript:;" class="carousel-btn next" @click="next"><i class="iconfont icon-angle-right"></i>
</a>
vascript
const prev = () => {if (active.value === 0) {active.value = props.slides.length - 1} else {active.value--}
}
const next = () => {if (active.value === props.slides.length - 1) {active.value = 0} else {active.value++}
}// 注册事件
<a href="javascript:;" class="carousel-btn prev" @click="prev"><i class="iconfont icon-angle-left"></i>
</a>
<a href="javascript:;" class="carousel-btn next" @click="next"><i class="iconfont icon-angle-right"></i>
</a>