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基于LEACH和HEED的WSN路由协议研究与改进（Matlab代码实现）

news 2025/8/23 8:43:59

💥1 概述

📚2 运行结果

🎉3 参考文献

👨‍💻4 Matlab代码

💥1 概述

无线传感器网络是不断发展的传感技术之一，也用于执行不同的任务。这些类型的网络在许多领域都是有益的，例如紧急情况，健康监测，环境控制，军事，工业，并且由于无线电范围，这些网络容易受到恶意用户和物理攻击。

📚2 运行结果

主函数部分代码：

% Clean memory and command window
clear,clc,close all

%% Parameters
N = 100;             % Number of nodes
W = 200;             % length of the network
L = 200;             % width of the network
Ei = 2;              % Initial energy of each node (joules)
CHpl = 3000;         % Packet size for cluster head per round (bits)

p = 5/100;           % desired percentage of cluster heads
R = 50;              % Range for cluster
pMin = 10^-4;        % Lowest possible CH_prop

num_rounds = 2000;   % Max Number of simulated rounds
NonCHpl = 200;       % Packet size for normal node per round (bits)
Tsetup = 4;          % average Time in seconds taken in setup phase
Tss = 10;            % average Time in seconds taken in steady state phase
Etrans = 1.0000e-05; % Energy for transmitting one bit 
Erec = 1.0000e-05;   % Energy for receiving one bit 
Eagg = 1.0000e-07;   % Data aggregation energy
Efs = 0.3400e-9;     % Energy of free space model amplifier
% Position of sink
SX = W/2; SY = L/2;


%% First Leach algorithm %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% 1st row: states of being a CH, 1:never been CH, 0:has been CH 
% 2nd: x-position, 3rd: y-position
net = [ones(1,N);rand([1,N])*W;rand([1,N])*L];

% Preallocation for energy calculations
E = Ei*ones(1,N);          % Energy left in each node
EH = zeros(1,num_rounds); 
% Preallocation for dead nodes calculations
Ecrit = 0;                 % Critical energy left in node to call it alive
Ncrit = fix((95/100)*N);   % Critical number for dead nodes to stop simulation
Dead = false(1,N);         % Status of all nodes 0:Alive 1:Dead
DeadH = zeros(1,num_rounds);
% Preallocation for Bits sent calculations
BitsH = zeros(1,num_rounds);
figure('Position',[34 30 792 613]);

% Simulating for each round
for r=1:num_rounds % iterating on each round%%%% Choosing Clusters heads %%%%[net(1,:),CH] = Leach_algo(net(1,:),Dead,p,r);tmp = find(CH);for i=1:Nif isempty(net(2,CH))else[~,aa]=min(sqrt((net(2,CH) - net(2,i)).^2 + (net(3,CH) - net(3,i)).^2));net(1,i) = tmp(aa);endend%%%% Energy calculations %%%%EH(r) = sum(E); %get all energy left in all nodes% first CHnumClust = length(find(CH));D = sqrt((net(2,CH) - SX).^2 + (net(3,CH) - SY).^2);E(CH) = E(CH) - (((Etrans+Eagg)*CHpl)+(Efs*CHpl*(D.^ 2))+(NonCHpl*Erec*round(N/numClust)));% second rest of nodesrest = N-numClust-sum(double(Dead));mD = zeros(1,rest); tmp = net(2:3,~CH&~Dead);for i=1:rest, mD(i) = fun(tmp(1,i),tmp(2,i),net,CH,SX,SY); endE(~CH&~Dead) = E(~CH&~Dead) - ((NonCHpl*Etrans) + (Efs*CHpl*(mD.^2)) + ((Erec+Eagg)*CHpl));%finally updating alive status to all nodesE(Dead) = 0;Dead(E<=Ecrit) = true ; DeadH(r)=sum(double(Dead));%%%% sent bits %%%%BitsH(r+1) = BitsH(r) + numClust*CHpl + rest*NonCHpl;%%%% Showing updated net %%%%net = DrawNet(net,N,CH,Dead,SX,SY,1);title(['Normal nodes:Black ---- CH:Red ---- Dead:Empty circle --- round (',num2str(r),')']);drawnowif DeadH(r)>=Ncrit,break;end % Stop simulation when 5% or less is alive
end
close all
T_L = (Tsetup+Tss)*(0:r-1);
EH = EH(1:r); EHdis_L = (N*Ei)-EH;
DeadH = DeadH(1:r); AliveH_L = N-DeadH;
BitsH_L = BitsH(2:r+1);

%% Second HEED algorithm %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% 1st row: Clustering indexing 
% 2nd: x-position, 3rd: y-position
net = [zeros(1,N);net(2:3,:)];

% calculating costs
cost = zeros(1,N);
for i=1:NDist = sqrt(((net(2,:)-net(2,i)).^2) + ((net(3,:)-net(3,i)).^2));Snbr = Dist <= R;cost(i) = sum(Dist(Snbr))/(sum(Snbr)-1);
end