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使用 patch 命令打补丁

news 2025/8/26 19:28:17

之前的这篇文章 git 导出差异 diff 文件写了导出 diff 、patch 文件。

拿到 patch 文件，用 patch 命令可以快速的把修改内容合入，合入后在 git 上是已修改的状态，如需提交还要 add 、commit 。

patch 语法

patch --help 可以看到

Usage: patch [OPTION]... [ORIGFILE [PATCHFILE]]Input options:-p NUM  --strip=NUM  Strip NUM leading components from file names.-F LINES  --fuzz LINES  Set the fuzz factor to LINES for inexact matching.-l  --ignore-whitespace  Ignore white space changes between patch and input.-c  --context  Interpret the patch as a context difference.-e  --ed  Interpret the patch as an ed script.-n  --normal  Interpret the patch as a normal difference.-u  --unified  Interpret the patch as a unified difference.-N  --forward  Ignore patches that appear to be reversed or already applied.-R  --reverse  Assume patches were created with old and new files swapped.-i PATCHFILE  --input=PATCHFILE  Read patch from PATCHFILE instead of stdin.Output options:-o FILE  --output=FILE  Output patched files to FILE.-r FILE  --reject-file=FILE  Output rejects to FILE.-D NAME  --ifdef=NAME  Make merged if-then-else output using NAME.-m  --merge  Merge using conflict markers instead of creating reject files.-E  --remove-empty-files  Remove output files that are empty after patching.-Z  --set-utc  Set times of patched files, assuming diff uses UTC (GMT).-T  --set-time  Likewise, assuming local time.--quoting-style=WORD   output file names using quoting style WORD.Valid WORDs are: literal, shell, shell-always, c, escape.Default is taken from QUOTING_STYLE env variable, or 'shell' if unset.Backup and version control options:-b  --backup  Back up the original contents of each file.--backup-if-mismatch  Back up if the patch does not match exactly.--no-backup-if-mismatch  Back up mismatches only if otherwise requested.-V STYLE  --version-control=STYLE  Use STYLE version control.STYLE is either 'simple', 'numbered', or 'existing'.-B PREFIX  --prefix=PREFIX  Prepend PREFIX to backup file names.-Y PREFIX  --basename-prefix=PREFIX  Prepend PREFIX to backup file basenames.-z SUFFIX  --suffix=SUFFIX  Append SUFFIX to backup file names.-g NUM  --get=NUM  Get files from RCS etc. if positive; ask if negative.Miscellaneous options:-t  --batch  Ask no questions; skip bad-Prereq patches; assume reversed.-f  --force  Like -t, but ignore bad-Prereq patches, and assume unreversed.-s  --quiet  --silent  Work silently unless an error occurs.--verbose  Output extra information about the work being done.--dry-run  Do not actually change any files; just print what would happen.--posix  Conform to the POSIX standard.-d DIR  --directory=DIR  Change the working directory to DIR first.--reject-format=FORMAT  Create 'context' or 'unified' rejects.--binary  Read and write data in binary mode.--read-only=BEHAVIOR  How to handle read-only input files: 'ignore' that theyare read-only, 'warn' (default), or 'fail'.-v  --version  Output version info.--help  Output this help.Report bugs to <bug-patch@gnu.org>.

应用到打补丁上常用 patch -p1 < xxx.diff

示例

如 test_patch.diff 文件内容如下，

diff --git a/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/policy/PhoneWindowManager.java b/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/policy/PhoneWindowManager.java
index cb3348f7ab..a0c35bafa4 100755
--- a/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/policy/PhoneWindowManager.java
+++ b/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/policy/PhoneWindowManager.java
@@ -2602,6 +2602,7 @@ public class PhoneWindowManager implements WindowManagerPolicy {@Overridepublic long interceptKeyBeforeDispatching(IBinder focusedToken, KeyEvent event,int policyFlags) {
+        Log.d(TAG, "test_patch");final boolean keyguardOn = keyguardOn();final int keyCode = event.getKeyCode();final int repeatCount = event.getRepeatCount();

把 test_patch.diff 放在和 frameworks/ 同级别的目录下，

同级别目录

使用 patch -p1 < test_patch.diff 命令，提示

aaa@compilerbbb:~/ccc/ANDROID$ patch -p1 < test_patch.diff
patching file frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/policy/PhoneWindowManager.java

说明打补丁完成，使用 git diff 看，是OK的。

子目录1

进入 frameworks/ 目录下，使用 patch -p1 < test_patch.diff 命令，提示

aaa@compilerbbb:~/ccc/ANDROID$/frameworks$ patch -p1 < ../test_patch.diff
can't find file to patch at input line 5
Perhaps you used the wrong -p or --strip option?
The text leading up to this was:
--------------------------
|diff --git a/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/policy/PhoneWindowManager.java b/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/policy/PhoneWindowManager.java
|index cb3348f7ab..a0c35bafa4 100755
|--- a/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/policy/PhoneWindowManager.java
|+++ b/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/policy/PhoneWindowManager.java
--------------------------
File to patch:

输入 base/services/core/java/com/android/server/policy/PhoneWindowManager.java 即可解决，

aaa@compilerbbb:~/ccc/ANDROID$/frameworks$ patch -p1 < ../test_patch.diff
can't find file to patch at input line 5
Perhaps you used the wrong -p or --strip option?
The text leading up to this was:
--------------------------
|diff --git a/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/policy/PhoneWindowManager.java b/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/policy/PhoneWindowManager.java
|index cb3348f7ab..a0c35bafa4 100755
|--- a/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/policy/PhoneWindowManager.java
|+++ b/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/policy/PhoneWindowManager.java
--------------------------
File to patch: base/services/core/java/com/android/server/policy/PhoneWindowManager.java
patching file base/services/core/java/com/android/server/policy/PhoneWindowManager.java

子目录2

子目录1 中，因为实际路径和 patch 文件路径有差异，需要手动输一下路径。

有没有不用输入路径的方法？有的，用 patch -p2 < ../test_patch.diff 。

aaa@compilerbbb:~/ccc/ANDROID$/frameworks$ patch -p2 < ../test_patch.diff
patching file base/services/core/java/com/android/server/policy/PhoneWindowManager.java

aaa@compilerbbb:~/ccc/ANDROID$/frameworks/base$ patch -p3 < ../../test_patch.diff 
patching file services/core/java/com/android/server/policy/PhoneWindowManager.java