cx_Freeze python 打包 APScheduler 定时任务异常问题解决

异常信息：

 File "D:\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\apscheduler\schedulers\base.py", line 1105, in _create_plugin_instanceplugin_cls = class_container[alias]~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^
KeyError: 'interval'During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:Traceback (most recent call last):File "FlaskKspiceServer.py", line 496, in startServiceFile "D:\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\apscheduler\schedulers\base.py", line 486, in add_job"trigger": self._create_trigger(trigger, trigger_args),^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^File "D:\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\apscheduler\schedulers\base.py", line 1132, in _create_triggerreturn self._create_plugin_instance("trigger", trigger, trigger_args)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^File "D:\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\apscheduler\schedulers\base.py", line 1108, in _create_plugin_instanceplugin_cls = class_container[alias] = plugin_container[alias].load()^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^File "D:\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\importlib\metadata\__init__.py", line 205, in loadmodule = import_module(match.group('module'))^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^File "D:\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 90, in import_modulereturn _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1387, in _gcd_importFile "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1360, in _find_and_loadFile "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1324, in _find_and_load_unlocked
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'apscheduler.triggers.interval'Traceback (most recent call last):File "D:\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\apscheduler\schedulers\base.py", line 1105, in _create_plugin_instanceplugin_cls = class_container[alias]~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^
KeyError: 'interval'During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:Traceback (most recent call last):File "FlaskKspiceServer.py", line 496, in startServiceFile "D:\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\apscheduler\schedulers\base.py", line 486, in add_job"trigger": self._create_trigger(trigger, trigger_args),^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^File "D:\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\apscheduler\schedulers\base.py", line 1132, in _create_triggerreturn self._create_plugin_instance("trigger", trigger, trigger_args)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^File "D:\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\apscheduler\schedulers\base.py", line 1108, in _create_plugin_instanceplugin_cls = class_container[alias] = plugin_container[alias].load()^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^File "D:\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\importlib\metadata\__init__.py", line 205, in loadmodule = import_module(match.group('module'))^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^File "D:\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 90, in import_modulereturn _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1387, in _gcd_importFile "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1360, in _find_and_loadFile "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1324, in _find_and_load_unlocked
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'apscheduler.triggers.interval'During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:Traceback (most recent call last):File "D:\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\initscripts\__startup__.py", line 121, in runmodule_init.run(f"__main__{name}")File "D:\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\cx_Freeze\initscripts\console.py", line 25, in runexec(code, main_globals)File "FlaskKspiceServer.py", line 563, in <module>File "FlaskKspiceServer.py", line 519, in startServiceFile "D:\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\apscheduler\schedulers\background.py", line 40, in shutdownsuper().shutdown(*args, **kwargs)File "D:\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\apscheduler\schedulers\blocking.py", line 22, in shutdownsuper().shutdown(wait)File "D:\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\apscheduler\schedulers\base.py", line 232, in shutdownraise SchedulerNotRunningError
apscheduler.schedulers.SchedulerNotRunningError: Scheduler is not running

原因分析

APScheduler 的触发器（trigger）是通过动态导入的，打包工具不会自动识别这些“隐式依赖”，所以需要手动指定。

解决方法

1. PyInstaller 解决方案

方法一：在代码中显式导入

在你的主程序（如 FlaskKspiceServer.py）开头加上：

python

# 显式导入所有用到的 triggerimport apscheduler.triggers.intervalimport apscheduler.triggers.cronimport apscheduler.triggers.date

这样 PyInstaller/cx_Freeze 就会自动把这些模块打包进去。

方法二：PyInstaller 的 hiddenimports

如果用 PyInstaller，可以加参数：

sh

pyinstaller --hidden-import=apscheduler.triggers.interval --hidden-import=apscheduler.triggers.cron --hidden-import=apscheduler.triggers.date your_script.py

2. cx_Freeze 解决方案

在 setup.py 的 build_exe_options 里加：

python

此种办法解决成功！此种办法解决成功！此种办法解决成功！

build_exe_options = {"packages": ["apscheduler.triggers.interval", "apscheduler.triggers.cron", "apscheduler.triggers.date"],# ... 其他配置 ...}

3. 确认 APScheduler 版本

• APScheduler 4.x/3.x 都有类似问题，解决方法一样。

• 建议用最新版 APScheduler。

4. 关于 SchedulerNotRunningError

这个报错是因为前面触发器加载失败，导致 scheduler 没有启动，后续 shutdown 时自然报错。只要解决了 trigger 的导入问题，这个报错也会消失。

总结

最简单的做法：在你的主程序开头加如下代码：

python

import apscheduler.triggers.intervalimport apscheduler.triggers.cronimport apscheduler.triggers.date

然后重新打包即可。