1、拉取mysql8的镜像：
| 1 | [root@i-zgn6som8 ~]# docker pull mysql:8.0
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2、创建配置和数据文件夹并修改权限：
| 1 2 3 4 | mkdir -p /data/mysql8/conf
mkdir -p /data/mysql8/data
chmod -R 755 /data/mysql8/
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3、配置一个自定义的配置文件my.cnf:
| 1 | vim /data/mysql8/conf/my.cnf
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文件内容如下：
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 | [client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysqld]
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
character_set_server = utf8mb4
collation_server = utf8mb4_bin
secure-file-priv= NULL
symbolic-links=0
transaction_isolation=READ-COMMITTED
innodb_log_file_size=256M
max_allowed_packet=34M
max_connections=1000
max_user_connections=500
max_connect_errors=100
default-time_zone='+8:00'
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4、通过以下命令，直接运行容器：
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | docker run -d -p 23306:3306 \
-v /data/mysql8/conf/:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
-v /data/mysql8/data:/var/lib/mysql \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD='Jgq20230724!@#' \
--restart=always \
--name=mysql8 \
mysql:8.0
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5、此时就可以直接连接了：
补充一：之所以挂载到conf.d下面，是因为新版的mysql建议自定义的配置，挂载到 /etc/mysql/conf.d 目录下，以 .cnf 结尾即可：
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | [root@i-jiguiquan ~]# docker exec -it mysql8 /bin/bash
root@decdf9fa3b4d:/# cat /etc/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
secure-file-priv= NULL
# Custom config should go here
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
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