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vue2和vue3组件之间的通信方式差异

news 2025/6/30 6:04:09

Vue2 vs Vue3 组件通信方法对比

1. 父子组件通信

1.1 Props 传递

Vue2

<!-- 父组件 -->
<template><child-component :message="message"></child-component>
</template><script>
export default {data() {return {message: 'Hello'}}
}
</script><!-- 子组件 -->
<script>
export default {props: {message: String}
}
</script>

Vue3

<!-- 父组件 -->
<template><child-component :message="message"></child-component>
</template><script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'
const message = ref('Hello')
</script><!-- 子组件 -->
<script setup>
defineProps({message: String
})
</script>

1.2 自定义事件

Vue2

<!-- 子组件 -->
<template><button @click="handleClick">点击</button>
</template><script>
export default {methods: {handleClick() {this.$emit('custom-event', { data: 'value' })}}
}
</script><!-- 父组件 -->
<template><child @custom-event="handleEvent"></child>
</template><script>
export default {methods: {handleEvent(data) {console.log(data)}}
}
</script>

Vue3

<!-- 子组件 -->
<template><button @click="handleClick">点击</button>
</template><script setup>
const emit = defineEmits(['custom-event'])const handleClick = () => {emit('custom-event', { data: 'value' })
}
</script><!-- 父组件 -->
<template><child @custom-event="handleEvent"></child>
</template><script setup>
const handleEvent = (data) => {console.log(data)
}
</script>

2. 跨层级组件通信

2.1 provide/inject

Vue2

<!-- 祖先组件 -->
<script>
export default {provide() {return {theme: this.theme,updateTheme: this.updateTheme}},data() {return {theme: 'dark'}},methods: {updateTheme(value) {this.theme = value}}
}
</script><!-- 后代组件 -->
<script>
export default {inject: ['theme', 'updateTheme']
}
</script>

Vue3

<!-- 祖先组件 -->
<script setup>
import { provide, ref } from 'vue'const theme = ref('dark')
const updateTheme = (value) => {theme.value = value
}provide('theme', {theme,updateTheme
})
</script><!-- 后代组件 -->
<script setup>
import { inject } from 'vue'const { theme, updateTheme } = inject('theme')
</script>

2.2 事件总线

Vue2

// eventBus.js
import Vue from 'vue'
export const eventBus = new Vue()// 组件 A
this.eventBus.$emit('custom-event', data)// 组件 B
mounted() {this.eventBus.$on('custom-event', this.handleEvent)
},
beforeDestroy() {this.eventBus.$off('custom-event', this.handleEvent)
}

Vue3

// eventBus.ts
import mitt from 'mitt'
export const emitter = mitt()// 组件 A
import { emitter } from './eventBus'
emitter.emit('custom-event', data)// 组件 B
import { onMounted, onUnmounted } from 'vue'
import { emitter } from './eventBus'onMounted(() => {emitter.on('custom-event', handleEvent)
})onUnmounted(() => {emitter.off('custom-event', handleEvent)
})

3. 访问组件实例

3.1 ref 引用

Vue2

<!-- 父组件 -->
<template><child-component ref="childRef"></child-component>
</template><script>
export default {mounted() {console.log(this.$refs.childRef.someData)this.$refs.childRef.someMethod()}
}
</script><!-- 子组件 -->
<script>
export default {data() {return {someData: 'value'}},methods: {someMethod() {// ...}}
}
</script>

Vue3

<!-- 父组件 -->
<template><child-component ref="childRef"></child-component>
</template><script setup>
import { ref, onMounted } from 'vue'const childRef = ref(null)onMounted(() => {console.log(childRef.value.someData)childRef.value.someMethod()
})
</script><!-- 子组件 -->
<script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'const someData = ref('value')
const someMethod = () => {// ...
}defineExpose({someData,someMethod
})
</script>

3.2 父组件访问

Vue2

<!-- 子组件 -->
<script>
export default {methods: {accessParent() {console.log(this.$parent.parentData)this.$parent.parentMethod()}}
}
</script>

Vue3

<!-- 子组件 -->
<script setup>
import { getCurrentInstance } from 'vue'const { proxy } = getCurrentInstance()
const accessParent = () => {console.log(proxy.$parent.parentData)proxy.$parent.parentMethod()
}
</script>