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windows C++ TCP客户端

news 2025/6/23 1:20:53

demo有一下功能

1、心跳包
2、断开重连
3、非阻塞
4、接受数据单独线程处理


#include <iostream>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <string>
#include <process.h>  // 用于Windows下的线程相关操作#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")#define SERVER_IP "127.0.0.1"
#define SERVER_PORT 6000
#define RECV_BUF_SIZE 1024
#define HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL 5000  // 心跳包发送间隔，单位：毫秒
#define HEARTBEAT_TIMEOUT 10000  // 心跳包超时时间，单位：毫秒
#define MAX_RECONNECT_ATTEMPTS 10 // 最大重连尝试次数
#define RECONNECT_INTERVAL_SECONDS 2  // 重连间隔时间（秒）class TCPClient
{
public:TCPClient();~TCPClient();bool connectToServer();void disconnect();int sendData(const std::string& data);private:SOCKET m_socket;sockaddr_in m_serverAddr;bool m_connected;// 心跳包相关变量和函数DWORD m_lastHeartbeatTime;bool m_heartbeatSent;HANDLE m_heartbeatThreadHandle;bool m_heartbeatThreadRunning;static unsigned int __stdcall HeartbeatThread(void* param);bool sendHeartbeat();bool checkHeartbeatResponse();// 用于设置套接字为非阻塞模式bool setSocketNonBlocking();// 尝试重连服务器bool reconnect();// 初始化Winsock库bool initializeWinsock();// 关闭套接字并清理相关资源void closeSocket();// 接收数据线程相关函数和变量static unsigned int __stdcall ReceiveDataThread(void* param);HANDLE m_receiveThreadHandle;bool m_receiveThreadRunning;
};// 构造函数，初始化成员变量并初始化Winsock库
TCPClient::TCPClient() : m_socket(INVALID_SOCKET), m_connected(false),m_lastHeartbeatTime(0), m_heartbeatSent(false),m_heartbeatThreadHandle(NULL), m_heartbeatThreadRunning(false),m_receiveThreadHandle(NULL), m_receiveThreadRunning(false) 
{if (!initializeWinsock()) {std::cerr << "初始化Winsock库失败" << std::endl;}m_serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;m_serverAddr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);if (inet_pton(AF_INET, SERVER_IP, &(m_serverAddr.sin_addr)) <= 0) {std::cerr << "inet_pton转换IP地址错误" << std::endl;}
}// 析构函数，断开连接并清理Winsock库，同时关闭心跳包线程和接收数据线程
TCPClient::~TCPClient()
{disconnect();if (m_heartbeatThreadHandle!= NULL) {m_heartbeatThreadRunning = false;// 等待心跳包线程结束WaitForSingleObject(m_heartbeatThreadHandle, INFINITE);CloseHandle(m_heartbeatThreadHandle);}if (m_receiveThreadHandle!= NULL) {m_receiveThreadRunning = false;// 等待接收数据线程结束WaitForSingleObject(m_receiveThreadHandle, INFINITE);CloseHandle(m_receiveThreadHandle);}WSACleanup();
}// 连接服务器的函数
bool TCPClient::connectToServer()
{m_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);if (m_socket == INVALID_SOCKET){std::cerr << "创建套接字失败，错误码: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;return false;}// 设置套接字为非阻塞模式if (!setSocketNonBlocking()){std::cerr << "设置套接字为非阻塞模式失败" << std::endl;closeSocket();return false;}int ret = connect(m_socket, (struct sockaddr*)&m_serverAddr, sizeof(m_serverAddr));if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR){int errCode = WSAGetLastError();if (errCode!= WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {std::cerr << "连接服务器失败，错误码: " << errCode << std::endl;closeSocket();return false;}}// 等待连接真正建立（非阻塞模式下需要轮询检查）timeval timeout;timeout.tv_sec = 5;  // 设置超时时间为5秒timeout.tv_usec = 0;fd_set writefds;FD_ZERO(&writefds);FD_SET(m_socket, &writefds);ret = select(0, NULL, &writefds, NULL, &timeout);if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR){std::cerr << "select函数出错，错误码: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;closeSocket();return false;} else if (ret == 0){std::cerr << "连接超时" << std::endl;closeSocket();return false;}if (FD_ISSET(m_socket, &writefds)){m_connected = true;// 创建并启动接收数据线程m_receiveThreadHandle = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, ReceiveDataThread, this, 0, NULL);if (m_receiveThreadHandle == NULL) {std::cerr << "创建接收数据线程失败" << std::endl;closeSocket();return false;}m_receiveThreadRunning = true;// 创建并启动心跳包线程m_heartbeatThreadHandle = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, HeartbeatThread, this, 0, NULL);if (m_heartbeatThreadHandle == NULL) {std::cerr << "创建心跳包线程失败" << std::endl;closeSocket();return false;}m_heartbeatThreadRunning = true;std::cout << "成功连接到服务器" << std::endl;return true;}return false;
}// 断开与服务器连接的函数
void TCPClient::disconnect()
{if (m_connected) {closesocket(m_socket);m_connected = false;std::cout << "已断开与服务器的连接" << std::endl;}m_receiveThreadRunning = false;m_heartbeatThreadRunning = false;
}// 发送数据到服务器的函数
int TCPClient::sendData(const std::string& data) 
{if (!m_connected) {if (reconnect()){}else{std::cerr << "未连接到服务器，无法发送数据" << std::endl;return SOCKET_ERROR;}}int ret = send(m_socket, data.c_str(), data.size(), 0);if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR) {int errCode = WSAGetLastError();if (errCode == WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {// 在非阻塞模式下，缓冲区满等情况会返回此错误，可根据需要处理return 0;} else{std::cerr << "发送数据失败，错误码: " << errCode << std::endl;// 如果是连接断开相关错误，尝试重连if (errCode == WSAECONNRESET || errCode == WSAENETRESET){if (reconnect()){// 重连成功后再次发送数据return sendData(data);}}return SOCKET_ERROR;}}return ret;
}// 发送心跳包的函数
bool TCPClient::sendHeartbeat() 
{if (!m_connected){return false;}const std::string heartbeatData = "HEARTBEAT_CLIENT";int ret = send(m_socket, heartbeatData.c_str(), heartbeatData.size(), 0);if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR){int errCode = WSAGetLastError();if (errCode == WSAEWOULDBLOCK){return false;}else {std::cerr << "发送心跳包失败，错误码: " << errCode << std::endl;return false;}}m_heartbeatSent = true;return true;
}// 检查心跳包响应的函数
bool TCPClient::checkHeartbeatResponse()
{if (!m_connected){return false;}char buffer[RECV_BUF_SIZE];int ret = recv(m_socket, buffer, RECV_BUF_SIZE, 0);if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR){int errCode = WSAGetLastError();if (errCode == WSAEWOULDBLOCK) {return false;} else{std::cerr << "接收心跳包响应失败，错误码: " << errCode << std::endl;return false;}}else if (ret == 0){// 对方关闭了连接std::cerr << "服务器关闭了连接" << std::endl;disconnect();return false;} else{std::string response(buffer, ret);if (response == "HEARTBEAT_ACK"){return true;}}return false;
}// 设置套接字为非阻塞模式的函数
bool TCPClient::setSocketNonBlocking()
{u_long mode = 1;int ret = ioctlsocket(m_socket, FIONBIO, &mode);return ret!= SOCKET_ERROR;
}// 尝试重连服务器的函数
bool TCPClient::reconnect()
{int attempt = 0;while (attempt < MAX_RECONNECT_ATTEMPTS){attempt++;closeSocket();Sleep(RECONNECT_INTERVAL_SECONDS * 1000);  // 等待一段时间后重连m_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);if (m_socket == INVALID_SOCKET){std::cerr << "重连时创建套接字失败，错误码: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;continue;}// 设置套接字为非阻塞模式if (!setSocketNonBlocking()){std::cerr << "重连时设置套接字为非阻塞模式失败" << std::endl;closeSocket();continue;}int ret = connect(m_socket, (struct sockaddr*)&m_serverAddr, sizeof(m_serverAddr));if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR){int errCode = WSAGetLastError();if (errCode!= WSAEWOULDBLOCK){std::cerr << "重连失败，错误码: " << errCode << std::endl;continue;}}// 等待连接真正建立（非阻塞模式下需要轮询检查）timeval timeout;timeout.tv_sec = 5;  // 设置超时时间为5秒timeout.tv_usec = 0;fd_set writefds;FD_ZERO(&writefds);FD_SET(m_socket, &writefds);ret = select(0, NULL, &writefds, NULL, &timeout);if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR){std::cerr << "重连时select函数出错，错误码: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;closeSocket();continue;} else if (ret == 0) {std::cerr << "重连超时" << std::endl;closeSocket();continue;}if (FD_ISSET(m_socket, &writefds)){m_connected = true;// 重新创建并启动接收数据线程if (m_receiveThreadHandle!= NULL){m_receiveThreadRunning = false;WaitForSingleObject(m_receiveThreadHandle, INFINITE);CloseHandle(m_receiveThreadHandle);}m_receiveThreadHandle = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, ReceiveDataThread, this, 0, NULL);if (m_receiveThreadHandle == NULL) {std::cerr << "重连后创建接收数据线程失败" << std::endl;closeSocket();return false;}m_receiveThreadRunning = true;// 重新创建并启动心跳包线程if (m_heartbeatThreadHandle!= NULL) {m_heartbeatThreadRunning = false;WaitForSingleObject(m_heartbeatThreadHandle, INFINITE);CloseHandle(m_heartbeatThreadHandle);}m_heartbeatThreadHandle = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, HeartbeatThread, this, 0, NULL);if (m_heartbeatThreadHandle == NULL) {std::cerr << "重连后创建心跳包线程失败" << std::endl;closeSocket();return false;}m_heartbeatThreadRunning = true;std::cout << "重连成功" << std::endl;return true;}}std::cerr << "达到最大重连尝试次数，重连失败" << std::endl;return false;
}// 初始化Winsock库的函数
bool TCPClient::initializeWinsock() 
{WSADATA wsaData;return WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) == 0;
}// 关闭套接字并清理相关资源的函数
void TCPClient::closeSocket() 
{if (m_socket!= INVALID_SOCKET) {closesocket(m_socket);m_socket = INVALID_SOCKET;}
}// 心跳包线程函数
unsigned int __stdcall TCPClient::HeartbeatThread(void* param)
{TCPClient* client = static_cast<TCPClient*>(param);while (client->m_heartbeatThreadRunning && client->m_connected) {DWORD currentTime = GetTickCount();if (currentTime - client->m_lastHeartbeatTime >= HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL){if (client->sendHeartbeat()){client->m_lastHeartbeatTime = currentTime;}}if (currentTime - client->m_lastHeartbeatTime > HEARTBEAT_TIMEOUT){std::cerr << "心跳包超时，通知主线程尝试重连" << std::endl;client->m_connected = false;break;}Sleep(100);  // 适当休眠，避免过于频繁循环检查}return 0;
}// 接收数据线程函数
unsigned int __stdcall TCPClient::ReceiveDataThread(void* param) 
{TCPClient* client = static_cast<TCPClient*>(param);std::string receivedData;while (client->m_receiveThreadRunning && client->m_connected) {char recvBuf[RECV_BUF_SIZE];int ret = recv(client->m_socket, recvBuf, RECV_BUF_SIZE, 0);if (ret == SOCKET_ERROR){int errCode = WSAGetLastError();if (errCode == WSAEWOULDBLOCK){// 在非阻塞模式下，无数据可读时会返回此错误，可根据需要处理continue;}else {std::cerr << "接收数据线程中接收数据失败，错误码: " << errCode << std::endl;// 如果是连接断开相关错误，通知主线程尝试重连if (errCode == WSAECONNRESET || errCode == WSAENETRESET) {client->m_connected = false;break;}}} else if (ret == 0){// 对方关闭了连接std::cerr << "服务器关闭了连接（接收数据线程中）" << std::endl;client->m_connected = false;break;} else{receivedData.assign(recvBuf, ret);std::cout << "接收数据线程从服务器接收到数据: " << receivedData << std::endl;}}return 0;
}int main() 
{TCPClient client;if (client.connectToServer()){while (true){// 发送数据示例std::string sendDataStr = "Hello, server!\n";client.sendData(sendDataStr);// 简单的休眠，避免过于频繁循环Sleep(100);}}return 0;
}

1. 接收数据线程相关的成员变量

  • m_receiveThreadHandle：用于存储接收数据线程的句柄，通过_beginthreadex函数创建线程时获取，用于后续对线程的操作，比如等待线程结束、关闭线程句柄等。
  • m_receiveThreadRunning：布尔类型变量，用于标记接收数据线程是否正在运行，在启动线程时设置为true，当需要停止线程（比如断开连接或者程序结束时）设置为false，线程函数内部会根据这个变量来判断是否继续循环接收数据。

2. connectToServer函数

在成功连接到服务器后，不仅将m_connected标记设置为true，还会创建并启动接收数据线程。通过_beginthreadex函数创建线程，传入ReceiveDataThread函数作为线程执行的入口点，并将当前TCPClient对象指针this作为参数传递进去，以便在线程函数中能够访问对象的成员变量和函数。如果线程创建失败，会关闭套接字并返回false，表示连接失败；若线程创建成功，则将m_receiveThreadRunning设置为true，表示接收数据线程开始运行。

3. disconnect函数

除了关闭套接字并将m_connected标记设置为false外，还会将m_receiveThreadRunning设置为false，通知接收数据线程停止运行。这样线程函数在下次循环判断时就会退出循环，结束线程的执行。

4. reconnect`函数

在重连成功后，除了进行之前的一些连接相关的设置外，还需要重新创建并启动接收数据线程。

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