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Spring Boot 导出 Excel 文件

news 2025/7/27 23:18:07

本文将详细介绍如何使用 Spring Boot 和 Apache POI 实现 Excel 文件的导出功能，帮助开发者快速上手。

1. 准备工作

首先，确保你的 Spring Boot 项目已成功创建并运行。接下来，需要在 pom.xml 文件中添加 Apache POI 相关依赖，以支持 Excel 文件的读写操作。

Maven 依赖

在 pom.xml 中添加以下依赖：

<dependency><groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId><artifactId>poi</artifactId><version>5.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency><groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId><artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId><version>5.2.3</version>
</dependency>

2. 创建数据模型

我们需要一个数据模型来表示要导出的数据。例如，我们可以创建一个 RoadTrafficFeatures 类，包含驾驶员数量、汽车数量、道路里程和地区等属性。

public class RoadTrafficFeatures {private int driverNum;private int carsNum;private double roadMileage;private String area;public RoadTrafficFeatures(int driverNum, int carsNum, double roadMileage, String area) {this.driverNum = driverNum;this.carsNum = carsNum;this.roadMileage = roadMileage;this.area = area;}// Getters
}

3. 实现 Excel 导出服务

接下来，我们将实现一个服务类 ExcelExportService，负责生成 Excel 文件。我们将使用 Apache POI 创建一个新的 Excel 工作簿，并填充数据。

import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;@Service
public class ExcelExportService {public ByteArrayOutputStream exportToExcel(List<RoadTrafficFeatures> featuresList) throws IOException {Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("Road Traffic Features");// 设置列宽sheet.setColumnWidth(0, 4000); // Driver Numsheet.setColumnWidth(1, 4000); // Cars Numsheet.setColumnWidth(2, 6000); // Road Mileagesheet.setColumnWidth(3, 4000); // Area// 创建样式CellStyle headerStyle = createCellStyle(workbook, true);CellStyle normalStyle = createCellStyle(workbook, false);// 创建表头Row headerRow = sheet.createRow(0);String[] headers = {"Driver Num", "Cars Num", "Road Mileage", "Area"};for (int i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {Cell cell = headerRow.createCell(i);cell.setCellValue(headers[i]);cell.setCellStyle(headerStyle);}// 填充数据int rowNum = 1;for (RoadTrafficFeatures feature : featuresList) {Row row = sheet.createRow(rowNum++);createCell(row, 0, feature.getDriverNum(), normalStyle);createCell(row, 1, feature.getCarsNum(), normalStyle);createCell(row, 2, feature.getRoadMileage(), normalStyle);createCell(row, 3, feature.getArea(), normalStyle);}// 写入到输出流ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();workbook.write(outputStream);workbook.close();return outputStream;}private CellStyle createCellStyle(Workbook workbook, boolean isHeader) {CellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();if (isHeader) {Font font = workbook.createFont();font.setBold(true);style.setFont(font);}style.setBorderTop(BorderStyle.THIN);style.setBorderBottom(BorderStyle.THIN);style.setBorderLeft(BorderStyle.THIN);style.setBorderRight(BorderStyle.THIN);style.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER);style.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTER);return style;}private void createCell(Row row, int columnIndex, Object value, CellStyle style) {Cell cell = row.createCell(columnIndex);if (value instanceof Integer) {cell.setCellValue((Integer) value);} else if (value instanceof Double) {cell.setCellValue((Double) value);} else {cell.setCellValue((String) value);}cell.setCellStyle(style);}
}

4. 创建控制器

最后，我们需要创建一个控制器 ExcelExportController，处理导出请求并返回生成的 Excel 文件。

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;@RestController
public class ExcelExportController {@Autowiredprivate ExcelExportService excelExportService;@GetMapping("/export")public void export(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {// 模拟数据List<RoadTrafficFeatures> featuresList = new ArrayList<>();featuresList.add(new RoadTrafficFeatures(1, 2, 100.5, "Urban"));featuresList.add(new RoadTrafficFeatures(2, 3, 150.0, "Suburban"));ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = excelExportService.exportToExcel(featuresList);response.setContentType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet");response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=road_traffic_features.xlsx");response.getOutputStream().write(outputStream.toByteArray());response.getOutputStream().flush();}
}