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如何对数据库的表字段加密解密处理？

news 2025/6/25 16:57:42

对于表格数据的加密处理，通常涉及到对数据库中存储的数据进行加密，以保护敏感信息。
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Java示例（使用AES算法加密数据库表数据）

首先，你需要一个数据库连接，这里假设你使用的是JDBC连接MySQL数据库。以下是一个简化的示例，展示如何对数据库中的一条记录进行加密和解密。

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.sql.*;public class DatabaseEncryption {public static void main(String[] args) {String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/yourdatabase";String user = "yourusername";String password = "yourpassword";// 生成密钥KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");keyGenerator.init(128); // 可以选择128, 192, 256位SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();byte[] keyBytes = secretKey.getEncoded();// 连接数据库try (Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password)) {// 加密数据String dataToEncrypt = "Sensitive Data";Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "AES"));byte[] encryptedData = cipher.doFinal(dataToEncrypt.getBytes());// 将加密数据插入数据库String insertQuery = "INSERT INTO mytable (dcol) VALUES (?)";try (PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(insertQuery)) {pstmt.setBytes(1, encryptedData);pstmt.executeUpdate();}// 从数据库读取加密数据String selectQuery = "SELECT dcol FROM mytable WHERE id = ?";try (PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(selectQuery)) {pstmt.setInt(1, 1); // 假设你要查询的记录ID为1try (ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery()) {if (rs.next()) {byte[] encryptedDataFromDb = rs.getBytes("dcol");// 解密数据cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "AES"));byte[] decryptedData = cipher.doFinal(encryptedDataFromDb);System.out.println("Decrypted Data: " + new String(decryptedData));}}}} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}

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C#示例（使用AES算法加密数据库表数据）

这个示例假设你使用的是Entity Framework Core来操作数据库，这里以SQL Server为例。

using System;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;public class DatabaseEncryption
{public static void Main(){string connectionString = "Server=your_server;Database=your_database;User Id=your_user;Password=your_password;";// 生成密钥using (Aes aesAlg = Aes.Create()){aesAlg.GenerateKey();byte[] key = aesAlg.Key;// 加密数据string dataToEncrypt = "Sensitive Data";byte[] encryptedData = EncryptStringToBytes_Aes(dataToEncrypt, key);// 将加密数据插入数据库using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString)){conn.Open();using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("INSERT INTO mytable (dcol) VALUES (@data)", conn)){cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@data", encryptedData);cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();}}// 从数据库读取加密数据using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString)){conn.Open();using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("SELECT dcol FROM mytable WHERE id = @id", conn)){cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@id", 1); // 假设你要查询的记录ID为1byte[] encryptedDataFromDb = (byte[])cmd.ExecuteScalar();// 解密数据string decryptedData = DecryptStringFromBytes_Aes(encryptedDataFromDb, key);Console.WriteLine("Decrypted Data: " + decryptedData);}}}}// EncryptStringToBytes_Aes 和 DecryptStringFromBytes_Aes 方法与之前提供的C#示例相同
}