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身份证识别JAVA+OPENCV+OCR

news 2025/7/6 12:31:34

一、相关的地址

https://github.com/tesseract-ocr/tessdata

Releases - OpenCV

opencv要装好，我装的是4.5.3的，最新版的没试过。

tessdata就下载了需要用的。好像还有best和fast的版本，我试了一下报错，不知道是不是版本不支持的问题。

二、主要的思路

识别的代码到没什么特别的，就是在每一行的识别上，为了提高准确度，稍微花了点心思，但也不时很完善。

发现识别的时候会出现很多干扰，所以从“姓”这一行开始算第一行，然后一行一行分析。

如果图片不清晰，不是太准，有待改进。

三、代码

pom.xml的依赖：

        <!-- OpenCV --><dependency><groupId>org.openpnp</groupId><artifactId>opencv</artifactId><version>4.5.3-4</version></dependency><!--  Tesseract --><dependency><groupId>net.sourceforge.tess4j</groupId><artifactId>tess4j</artifactId><version>5.11.0</version> <!-- 使用最新版本 --></dependency>

JAVA代码：

package com.yutiandada.idcardread.demos.test;import org.opencv.core.Core;
import org.opencv.core.Mat;
import org.opencv.core.Size;
import org.opencv.imgcodecs.Imgcodecs;
import org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc;import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;import net.sourceforge.tess4j.*;public class IDCardRecognition2 {static {System.setProperty("java.library.path", "D:\\opencv\\opencv\\build\\java\\x64");try {Field fieldSysPath = ClassLoader.class.getDeclaredField("sys_paths");fieldSysPath.setAccessible(true);fieldSysPath.set(null, null);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}System.loadLibrary(Core.NATIVE_LIBRARY_NAME);}public static Mat preprocessImage(String imagePath) {// 读取图像Mat image = Imgcodecs.imread(imagePath);// 可选：进行一些图像增强操作，例如锐化Mat enhancedImage = new Mat();Imgproc.GaussianBlur(image, enhancedImage, new Size(0, 0), 3);Core.addWeighted(image, 1.5, enhancedImage, -0.5, 0, enhancedImage);return enhancedImage;}public static List<String> recognizeText(Mat mat) throws TesseractException {try {// 将Mat转换为FileFile tempFile = File.createTempFile("temp", ".png");Imgcodecs.imwrite(tempFile.getAbsolutePath(), mat);// 初始化TesseractTesseract tesseract = new Tesseract();tesseract.setLanguage("chi_sim"); // 设置语言为简体中文tesseract.setDatapath("d:/tessdata"); // 设置Tesseract数据路径
//            tesseract.setPageSegMode(PageSegMode.PSM_AUTO); // 设置页面分割模式// 进行OCR识别String result = tesseract.doOCR(tempFile);tempFile.delete(); // 删除临时文件// 将结果按行分割List<String> lines = new ArrayList<>();String[] splitResult = result.split("\\r?\\n");for (String line : splitResult) {if (!line.trim().isEmpty()) {lines.add(line.trim());}}return lines;} catch (IOException e) {// 处理异常，例如记录日志或显示错误信息e.printStackTrace();throw new TesseractException("Error during OCR processing", e);}}public static void main(String[] args) {try {String imagePath = "D:/images/test01.png";Mat processedImage = preprocessImage(imagePath);List<String> recognizedLines = recognizeText(processedImage);System.out.println("Recognized Text:");// 找到包含“姓”字的行索引int startIndex = -1;for (int i = 0; i < recognizedLines.size(); i++) {if (recognizedLines.get(i).contains("姓") || recognizedLines.get(i).contains("名") ) {startIndex = i;break;}}if (startIndex != -1) {// 从包含“姓”字的行开始重新编号List<String> filteredLines = recognizedLines.subList(startIndex, recognizedLines.size());// 第一行：“姓名”之后的字符串String name = filteredLines.get(0).replaceAll(".*姓名", "").trim();System.out.println("Name: " + name);// 第二行：性别String gender = "";String ethnicity = "";String secondLine = filteredLines.get(1);if (secondLine.contains("男")) {gender = "男";} else if (secondLine.contains("女")) {gender = "女";}int minIndex = secondLine.indexOf("民") + 2;if (minIndex > 0 && minIndex < secondLine.length()) {ethnicity = secondLine.substring(minIndex).trim();}System.out.println("Gender: " + gender);System.out.println("Ethnicity: " + ethnicity);// 第三行：出生日期，只显示数字String thirdLine = filteredLines.get(2).replaceAll("[^0-9]", "").trim();if (thirdLine.length() == 8) {String birthYear = thirdLine.substring(0, 4);String birthMonth = thirdLine.substring(4, 6);String birthDay = thirdLine.substring(6, 8);System.out.println("Birth Year: " + birthYear);System.out.println("Birth Month: " + birthMonth);System.out.println("Birth Day: " + birthDay);} else {System.out.println("Invalid date format in the third line.");}// 第四行：地址String addressPart1 = filteredLines.get(3).replaceAll("\\s+", "").substring(2).trim();String addressPart2 = filteredLines.get(4).replaceAll("\\s+", "").trim();String address = addressPart1 + addressPart2;System.out.println("Address: " + address);// 第六行：身份证号，只显示数字和字母String idNumber = filteredLines.get(5).replaceAll("[^a-zA-Z0-9]", "").trim();System.out.println("ID Number: " + idNumber);} else {System.out.println("No line containing '姓' found.");}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}

IDEA里面要配置一下