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记录搜罗到的Matlab 对散点进行椭圆拟合

news 2025/8/25 9:46:15

需要基于一些散点拟合椭圆估计并计算出椭圆的参数和周长，搜罗到直接上代码
（1）有用的椭圆拟合及参数计算函数

function W = fitellipse(x,y)
% 构造矩阵
D = [x.*x, x.*y, y.*y, x, y,ones(size(x))];
S = D'*D;
G = zeros(6);
G(1,3) = 2; G(3,1) = 2; G(2,2) = -1;% 求解
[vec, val] = eig(S\G);
[~, idx] = find(val>0&~isinf(val));
W = vec(:,idx);
W = sqrt(1/(W'*S*W))*W;
end

function [Center,Axis,Theta] = calellipseparams(W)
a = W(1); 
b = W(2); 
c = W(3); 
d = W(4); 
e = W(5); 
f = W(6);
% 中心
cx = (b*e-2*c*d)/(4*a*c-b^2);
cy = (b*d-2*a*e)/(4*a*c-b^2);
Center = [cx,cy];
% 长短轴  
MA1 = sqrt(2*(a*cx^2+c*cy^2+b*cx*cy-f)/(a+c+sqrt((a-c)^2+b^2)));
MA2= sqrt(2*(a*cx^2+c*cy^2+b*cx*cy-f)/(a+c-sqrt((a-c)^2+b^2)));
Axis = [max(MA1,MA2),min(MA1,MA2)];% 长轴倾角
if b==0if f*a>f*cTheta = 0;else  Theta = pi/2;end
elseif f*a>f*calpha = atan((a-c)/b);if alpha<0Theta = 0.5*(-pi/2-alpha);elseTheta = 0.5*(pi/2-alpha);endelsealpha = atan((a-c)/b);if alpha<0Theta = pi/2+0.5*(-pi/2-alpha);elseTheta = pi/2+0.5*(pi/2-alpha);endend
end
end

function C=drawellipse(W)
% 获取椭圆参数：中心、长、短半轴和长轴倾角
[Center,Axis,Theta] = calellipseparams(W);% 绘制椭圆
funs = @(x,y) W(1)*x.^2 + W(2)*x.*y + W(3)*y.^2 + W(4)*x + W(5)*y + W(6);
fimplicit(funs,'LineWidth',2)% 绘制长短轴
Majcoor = [-Axis(1),0; Axis(1),0];
Mincoor = [0,-Axis(2); 0,Axis(2)];
RM = [cos(Theta),-sin(Theta);sin(Theta),cos(Theta)];
Majcoor = Majcoor*RM'+Center;
Mincoor = Mincoor*RM'+Center;Slen = sqrt((Mincoor(1,1)-Mincoor(2,1))^2 + (Mincoor(1,2)-Mincoor(2,2))^2);
Llen = sqrt((Majcoor(1,1)-Majcoor(2,1))^2 + (Majcoor(1,2)-Majcoor(2,2))^2);C =(3.1415926*Slen+2*(Llen-Slen));line(Majcoor(:,1),Majcoor(:,2),'Color','r','LineWidth',3)
line(Mincoor(:,1),Mincoor(:,2),'Color','g','LineWidth',3)
plot(Center(1),Center(2),'y.','MarkerSize',15)end

（2）利用以上函数对已有散点进行椭圆拟合，并计算椭圆的周长如下：

XX=[....];%需拟合的散点
YY=[.....];% 椭圆拟合
W = fitellipse(YY',ZZ');%输入参数为列向量且长度一致，不是列向量时需要转置% 绘制结果
figure
plot(YY,ZZ,'.'), 
axis equal
hold on
C=drawellipse(W);%返回椭圆周长
axis equal