Rust 语言开发 ESP32C3 并在 Wokwi 电子模拟器上运行（esp-hal 非标准库、LCD1602、I2C）

esp-rs 简介

esp-rs 是一个专注于为 Espressif 系列芯片（如 ESP32、ESP32-S2、ESP32-C3 等）提供 Rust 语言支持的社区和项目。它的目标是为开发者提供一个高效、安全且易于使用的 Rust 开发环境，以便在 Espressif 芯片上进行嵌入式系统开发。

• 构建工具

存储库	描述
esp-rs/rust	带有 Xtensa 支持的 Rust 编译器分支
esp-rs/rust-build	Rust 编译器 fork 的预构建二进制文件以及安装脚本

• 硬件抽象层

存储库	描述
esp-rs/esp-idf-hal	支持 Rust 标准库（std）
esp-rs/esp-hal	不支持 Rust 标准库 ( no_std)

Github

• esp-rs：https://github.com/esp-rs
• esp-hal 非标准库：https://github.com/esp-rs/esp-hal
• 本章示例项目源码：https://github.com/WuFengSheng/esp-rs-demo

Rust 包仓库

• https://crates.io/

Rust 教程

• https://rustwiki.org/zh-CN/book/
• https://rustwiki.org/zh-CN/rust-by-example/index.html

Wokwi 电子模拟器

• https://wokwi.com/projects/410182337086340097

开发环境

Rust 环境

• 参考我的这篇文章 《使用 Rustup 管理 Rust 版本》

# 安装 nightly 版本
rustup install nightly
# 设置默认 Rust 版本
rustup default nightly
# 当前 Rust 版本
rustc --version

esp-rs 环境

• espup安装

用于安装和维护使用 Rust 为 Espressif SoC 开发应用程序所需的工具链的工具。https://github.com/esp-rs/rust-build

cargo install espup
espup install
. $HOME/export-esp.sh

• RISC-V 安装

以下指令专门针对基于 RISC-V 架构的 ESP32-C

rustup target add riscv32imc-unknown-none-elf

rustup component add rust-src --toolchain nightly
# 安装 cargo-generate
cargo install cargo-generate
cargo generate -h
# 安装 espflash
cargo install espflash
espflash --help
espflash flash --help

创建 ESP32C3 项目

cargo generate -a esp-rs/esp-template

项目结构

• Cargo.toml

[dependencies]
esp-backtrace = { version = "0.14.0", features = ["esp32c3","exception-handler","panic-handler","println",
] }
esp-hal = { version = "0.20.1", features = [ "esp32c3" ] }
esp-println = { version = "0.11.0", features = ["esp32c3", "log"] }
log = { version = "0.4.21" }

• main.rs

#![no_std]
#![no_main]
#![allow(dead_code)]use esp_backtrace as _;
use esp_hal::{clock::ClockControl, delay::Delay, peripherals::{Peripherals, I2C0}, Blocking,prelude::*, system::SystemControl, gpio::{Io, Level, Output},i2c::I2C
};const I2C_ADDR: u8 = 0x27; // LCD1602的I2C地址// LCD 指令
const LCD_CMD_CLEAR: u8 = 0x01;
const LCD_CMD_HOME: u8 = 0x02;
const LCD_CMD_ENTRY_MODE: u8 = 0x04;
const LCD_CMD_DISPLAY_CONTROL: u8 = 0x08;
const LCD_CMD_FUNCTION_SET: u8 = 0x20;
const LCD_CMD_SET_DDRAM_ADDR: u8 = 0x80;// LCD 控制位
const LCD_BACKLIGHT: u8 = 0x08;
const ENABLE: u8 = 0x04;
const RW_WRITE: u8 = 0x00;
const RS_DATA: u8 = 0x01;
const RS_COMMAND: u8 = 0x00;#[entry]
fn main() -> ! {let peripherals = Peripherals::take();let system = SystemControl::new(peripherals.SYSTEM);let clocks = ClockControl::max(system.clock_control).freeze();let delay = Delay::new(&clocks);esp_println::logger::init_logger_from_env();// Set GPIO0 as an output, and set its state high initially.let io = Io::new(peripherals.GPIO, peripherals.IO_MUX);let mut led = Output::new(io.pins.gpio0, Level::High);// 初始化 I2Clet mut i2c: I2C<I2C0, Blocking> = I2C::new(peripherals.I2C0, io.pins.gpio6, io.pins.gpio5, 400.kHz(), &clocks);log::info!("The type of i2c is: {}", core::any::type_name_of_val(&i2c));// 初始化 LCDlcd_init(&mut i2c);lcd_write_string(&mut i2c, "Hello, World!");loop {log::info!("Hello world! \n");led.toggle();delay.delay(500.millis());}
}fn lcd_init(i2c: &mut I2C<I2C0, Blocking>) {// 设置 4-bit 模式lcd_command(i2c, 0x33); // 初始化指令lcd_command(i2c, 0x32); // 设置4-bit模式lcd_command(i2c, LCD_CMD_FUNCTION_SET | 0x08); // 2行显示lcd_command(i2c, LCD_CMD_DISPLAY_CONTROL | 0x0F); // 打开显示，有光标，会闪烁lcd_command(i2c, LCD_CMD_CLEAR); // 清屏lcd_command(i2c, LCD_CMD_ENTRY_MODE | 0x02); // 设置光标移动方向
}fn lcd_command(i2c: &mut I2C<I2C0, Blocking>, command: u8) {lcd_write(i2c, command, RS_COMMAND);
}fn lcd_data(i2c: &mut I2C<I2C0, Blocking>, data: u8) {lcd_write(i2c, data, RS_DATA);
}fn lcd_write(i2c: &mut I2C<I2C0, Blocking>, data: u8, mode: u8) {let high_nibble = data & 0xF0;let low_nibble = (data << 4) & 0xF0;lcd_send_nibble(i2c, high_nibble | mode);lcd_send_nibble(i2c, low_nibble | mode);
}fn lcd_send_nibble(i2c: &mut I2C<I2C0, Blocking>, nibble: u8) {// 发送高4位let data = nibble | LCD_BACKLIGHT;let _ = i2c.write(I2C_ADDR, &[data | ENABLE]);let _ = i2c.write(I2C_ADDR, &[data & !ENABLE]);
}fn lcd_write_string(i2c: &mut I2C<I2C0, Blocking>, s: &str) {for c in s.chars() {lcd_data(i2c, c as u8);}
}

• diagram.json

{"version": 1,"editor": "wokwi","author": "WuFengSheng <469742978@qq.com>","parts": [{"type": "board-esp32-c3-devkitm-1","id": "esp","top": 0.59,"left": 0.67,"attrs": {"flashSize": "16"}},{"type": "wokwi-led","id": "led1","top": -20,"left": -50,"attrs": {"color": "red"}},{"type": "wokwi-resistor","id": "r1","top": 50,"left": -54.5,"rotate": 90,"attrs": {}},{"type": "wokwi-lcd1602","id": "lcd1","top": 46,"left": 132.07,"attrs": {"pins": "i2c"}},{"type": "wokwi-vcc","id": "vcc1","top": 20,"left": 105,"attrs": {}}],"connections": [["esp:TX","$serialMonitor:RX","",[]],["esp:RX","$serialMonitor:TX","",[]],["esp:GND.4","led1:C","black",["h0"]],["led1:A","r1:1","green",["v0"]],["r1:2","esp:0","green",["h0","v38"]],["vcc1:VCC","lcd1:VCC","red",["v0"]],["lcd1:GND","esp:GND.8","black",["h0"]],["lcd1:SDA","esp:6","green",["h0"]],["lcd1:SCL","esp:5","green",["h0"]]],"serialMonitor": {"display": "terminal","convertEol": true}
}

编译项目命令

cd esp-rs-demo
# 默认 debug
cargo build
# 或指定 release
cargo build --release

运行模拟器

注： VSCode 需要安装 wokwi 插件

ESP32C3 烧录

espflash flash --monitor target/riscv32imc-unknown-none-elf/debug/esp-rs-demo