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Kafka 下载安装及使用总结

news 2025/7/7 20:40:53

1. 下载安装

官网下载地址：Apache Kafka

下载对应的文件

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上传到服务器上，解压

tar -xzf kafka_2.13-3.7.0.tgz

目录结果如下

├── bin
│   └── windows
├── config
│   └── kraft
├── libs
├── licenses
└── site-docs

官方文档：Apache Kafka

kafka 有两种启动方式，ZooKeeper 和 KRaft，这里采用 KRaft 的方式，使用 kraft 目录下的配置文件

config
├── connect-console-sink.properties
├── connect-console-source.properties
├── connect-distributed.properties
├── connect-file-sink.properties
├── connect-file-source.properties
├── connect-log4j.properties
├── connect-mirror-maker.properties
├── connect-standalone.properties
├── consumer.properties
├── kraft
│   ├── broker.properties
│   ├── controller.properties
│   └── server.properties
├── log4j.properties
├── producer.properties
├── server.properties
├── tools-log4j.properties
├── trogdor.conf
└── zookeeper.properties

修改 server.properties 文件

process.roles：KRaft 模式角色
broker
controller
broker,controller

node.id：节点 ID，需要为每个节点分配一个唯一的 ID
controller.quorum.voters：Controller 的投票者配置
log.dirs：日志目录

初始化集群，先生成一个 UUID

./bin/kafka-storage.sh random-uuid

再执行命令，使用生成的 UUID 完成集群初始化

./bin/kafka-storage.sh format -t thCDFveGRleJro7zTaOOGA -c ./config/kraft/server.properties

然后启动 Kafka

./bin/kafka-server-start.sh -daemon ./config/kraft/server.properties

2. Spring Boot 集成

2.1 引入依赖

<dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId><artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId><version>3.1.4</version><exclusions><exclusion><groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId><artifactId>kafka-clients</artifactId></exclusion></exclusions></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId><artifactId>kafka-clients</artifactId><version>3.7.0</version></dependency>
</dependencies>

2.2 配置文件

spring:kafka:bootstrap-servers: 127.0.0.1:9092consumer:group-id: fable-group

2.3 生产者

使用 KafkaTemplate 实现消息的生产

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.KafkaTemplate;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController
public class ProducerController {private final KafkaTemplate<String, String> kafkaTemplate;@Autowiredpublic ProducerController(KafkaTemplate<String, String> kafkaTemplate) {this.kafkaTemplate = kafkaTemplate;}@GetMapping("/send/message")public String sendMessage() {kafkaTemplate.send("test", "Hello, Kafka!");return "Message sent successfully";}
}

2.4 消费者

添加 @KafkaListener 注解，监听消息

import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;@Service
public class ConsumerService {@KafkaListener(topics = "test", groupId = "fable-group")public void listen(ConsumerRecord<String, String> consumerRecord) {System.out.println("Received message: " + consumerRecord.value());}
}

2.5 启动类

添加 @EnableKafka 注解

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.EnableKafka;@SpringBootApplication
@EnableKafka
public class FableApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(FableApplication.class, args);}
}