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RabbitMQ创建交换机和队列——配置类注解

news 2025/7/16 11:41:04

交换机的类型

Fanout：广播，将消息交给所有绑定到交换机的队列。

Direct：订阅，基于RoutingKey（路由key）发送给订阅了消息的队列。

Topic：通配符订阅，与Direct类似，只不过RoutingKey可以使用通配符（# （一个或多个单词）和 * （一个单词））。

Headers：头匹配，基于MQ的消息头匹配，用的较少。

准备

导入依赖：

        <!--AMQP依赖，包含RabbitMQ--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId></dependency><!--单元测试--><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId></dependency>

配置文件：

spring:rabbitmq:host: ****** # 你的虚拟机/服务器IPport: 5672 # 端口virtual-host: **** # mq虚拟主机username: *** # 用户名password: *** # 密码

这里用direct类型的交换机举例：

基于配置类

步骤一：配置类中创建交换机和队列的Bean，并设置绑定关系，设置routingKey为sdg

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class FanoutConfiguration {@Beanpublic DirectExchange directExchange() {return new DirectExchange("exchange01.direct");//或者return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange("exchange01.direct").build();}@Beanpublic Queue queue() {return new Queue("direct.queue01");}@Beanpublic Binding bind01(DirectExchange directExchange, Queue queue){return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(directExchange).with("sdg");}
}

步骤二：发送者发送消息

    @Testpublic void test5() {String exchange = "exchange01.direct";String message = "Hello World!";rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange,"sdg",message);}

步骤三：消费者消费消息

package com.itheima.consumer.mq;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Slf4j
@Component
public class SpringRabbitListener {@RabbitListener(queues = "direct.queue01")public void queue01Listener(String msg) {System.out.println("收到消息: "+msg);}
}

direct模式由于要绑定多个KEY，每一个Key都要编写一个binding，会非常麻烦，基于配置类适用与简单的情况，所以我们就可以基于注解来声明交换机、队列和绑定关系

基于注解

消费者：

import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component
public class SpringRabbitListener {@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(name = "direct.queue01"),exchange = @Exchange(name = "htsdg.direct",type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),key = {"sdg","ht"}))//默认类型为directpublic void queue01Listener(String msg) {System.out.println("收到消息: "+msg);}
}

再来一个topic类型的：

发送者：

    @Testpublic void test5() {String exchange = "htsdg.direct";String message = "Hello World!";rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange,"china.qianXueSen",message);}

消费者：

@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(name = "topic.queue1"),exchange = @Exchange(name = "htsdg.topic", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),key = "china.#"
))
public void listenTopicQueue1(String msg){System.out.println("消费者1接收到topic.queue1的消息：【" + msg + "】");
}@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(name = "topic.queue2"),exchange = @Exchange(name = "htsdg.topic", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),key = "#.news"
))
public void listenTopicQueue2(String msg){System.out.println("消费者2接收到topic.queue2的消息：【" + msg + "】");
}

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