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STM32-HAL库开发快速入门

news 2025/6/22 5:01:41

注:本文主要记录一下STM32CubeMX软件的使用流程,记录内容以STM32外设（中断、I2C、USART、SPI等配置）在STM32CubeMX中的设置为主，对驱动代码编写不做记录，所以阅读本文最好有标准库开发经验。除第2节外，使用的都是韦东山老师的瑞士军刀系列。

01 软件安装

1.keil

需要安装以下支持包(keil在线安装里没有对应芯片支持包)。

2.STM32CubeMX

安装库：

3.串口助手

02 HAL库点灯操作

2.1 硬件连接

该原理图来源于学益得在线课堂教学项目《RTOS项目实战：从PCB到FreeRTOS|手写MQTT》。

DAPLINK电路连接：

（1）程序下载：

单片机SCK————DAPLINK的SCK

单片机SWK————DAPLINK的SWD

（2）串口连接

单片机TX————DAPLINK的RX

单片机RX————DAPLINK的TX

单片机GND————DAPLINK的GND

单片机3V3————DAPLINK的3V3

单片机ReSet————DAPLINK的RST

2.2 寄存器点灯 

2.2.1 官网下载库文件 

ST公司官网：

STSW-STM32065 - STM32F4 DSP and standard peripherals library - STMicroelectronics

2.2.2 创建工程 

（1）新建工程

（2）复制启动文件到工程 

记得将文件组添加到路径中： 

 此时编译运行会有错误，需要进行以下处理:

（3）配置RCC时钟 

如果我们需要点亮PB10引脚上的LED，让PB10等于1即可： 

与STM32F1系列不同，STM32所有的GPIO都挂载再AHB总线上，所以配置GPIO的RCC时钟时，配置的是AHB的时钟。 

（4）配置PB10引脚为输出模式 

（5）配置PB10引脚为推挽输出

（6）配置PB10引脚为输出高电平 

（7）main.c

#include <stm32f411xe.h>                  // 我们没有把所有启动文件都复制进来，所以用<>
//#include "stm32f4xx.h"                  // Device headerint main()
{//使能时钟RCC->AHB1ENR = 0X00000002;     //使能挂载在AHB上的PB10时钟//配置引脚模式GPIOB->MODER = 0x00100000;     //配置PB10为输出模式//配置输出模式GPIOB->OTYPER = 0x00000000;    //配置PB10引脚为推挽输出模式//配置输出的值GPIOB->ODR = 0x00000400;       //配置PB10引脚输出高电平while(1);	
}void SystemInit()
{}

注意：keil代码文件最后一行必须是空行，编译才不会有问题。 下载程序时注意以下几个问题：

(1)注意切换调试工具

（2）使用微库，就是简易版本的C库、使用C语言，开发的时候需要勾选“Use MicroLIB”

2.3 CubeMX创建工程 

寄存器开发：优点：程序执行的效率高；缺点：开发效率低。

库开发：标准库   HAL库（需要借助CubeMX）

新建工程

RCC（时钟源）配置

晶振频率越高，功耗越高，因此提供了两个晶振供选择。

上图这里配置的是外部晶振，我们这个案例不需要用到，因为配不配置都行。

输入100后会自动匹配其它系数 ，由内部晶振分频输出。

2.4 HAL库点灯

使用CuberMX创建完工程后，可用keil打开相应keil工程，修改源码。 

main.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes *//* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */__HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();       // 使能GPIOB的时钟.注意：时钟使能一定要在GPIO配置完成前GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP; //设置gPIOB为推挽输出GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_10;          //使用PB10引脚GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;         //配置GPIO引脚不需要上拉GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW; //配置GPIO输出速度为低速HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB,&GPIO_InitStruct);       //使用结构体配置GPIOB 	HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_10,GPIO_PIN_SET);  //将PB10置为高电平/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage*/__HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 8;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 100;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_3) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/*** @brief GPIO Initialization Function* @param None* @retval None*/
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_1 */
/* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_1 *//* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */__HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_RCC_GPIOH_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();/* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
/* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

注意： 

2.5 CubeMX配置GPIO 

直接用CubeMX配置点亮LED。

这里CubeMx实现了将PB0、PB1、PB2、PB10全部置为高电平，推挽输出模式，点亮4颗LED灯。配置完后直接用keil打开下载程序即可运行

2.6 GPIO反转操作（流水灯实现）

（1）工程配置

（2）GPIO.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file    gpio.c* @brief   This file provides code for the configuration*          of all used GPIO pins.******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header *//* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "gpio.h"/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Configure GPIO                                                             */
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//** Configure pins as* Analog* Input* Output* EVENT_OUT* EXTI
*/
void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE(); }/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
/*LED的初始化函数*/
void My_Led_Init(void)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_Init_Struct;GPIO_Init_Struct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;   //配置GPIO为推挽输出GPIO_Init_Struct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_10|GPIO_PIN_0|GPIO_PIN_1|GPIO_PIN_2;       //选中GPIOB上的PB0 PB1 PB2 PB10GPIO_Init_Struct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;GPIO_Init_Struct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;__HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();            //开启GPIOB的时钟//初始化 PB0 PB1 PB2 PB10HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB,&GPIO_Init_Struct);	
}
/*LED的翻转函数*/
void My_Led_Tooggle(void)
{uint8_t i;for(i=0;i<4;i++){switch(i){case 0:HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_10);    //翻转PB10引脚的电平HAL_Delay(500);                           //延时500msHAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_10);    //翻转PB10引脚的电平HAL_Delay(500);break;case 1:HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_2);     //翻转PB2引脚的电平HAL_Delay(500);                           //延时500msHAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_2);     //翻转PB2引脚的电平HAL_Delay(500);                           //延时500msbreak;case 2:HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_1);     //翻转PB1引脚的电平HAL_Delay(500);                           //延时500msHAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_1);     //翻转PB1引脚的电平HAL_Delay(500);                           //延时500msbreak;case 3:HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_0);     //翻转PB0引脚的电平HAL_Delay(500);                           //延时500msHAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_0);     //翻转PB0引脚的电平HAL_Delay(500);                           //延时500msbreak;}	}
}
/* USER CODE END 2 */

 (3)GPIO.h

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file    gpio.h* @brief   This file contains all the function prototypes for*          the gpio.c file******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Define to prevent recursive inclusion -------------------------------------*/
#ifndef __GPIO_H__
#define __GPIO_H__#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes *//* USER CODE END Includes *//* USER CODE BEGIN Private defines *//* USER CODE END Private defines */void MX_GPIO_Init(void);/* USER CODE BEGIN Prototypes */
void My_Led_Init(void);
void My_Led_Tooggle(void);
/* USER CODE END Prototypes */#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /*__ GPIO_H__ */

(4)main.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes *//* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */My_Led_Init();	/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE */My_Led_Tooggle();/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage*/__HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 8;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 100;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_3) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

2.7 GPIO输入（两个按键开关灯）

1个按键开灯，另一个关灯

（1）新建3.key工程

（2）GPIO.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file    gpio.c* @brief   This file provides code for the configuration*          of all used GPIO pins.******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header *//* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "gpio.h"/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Configure GPIO                                                             */
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//** Configure pins as* Analog* Input* Output* EVENT_OUT* EXTI
*/
void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();}/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
/* LED初始化函数 */
void My_Led_Init(void)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_Init_Structure;GPIO_Init_Structure.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;          //配置推挽输出GPIO_Init_Structure.Pin = GPIO_PIN_10;GPIO_Init_Structure.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;    //无需上下拉GPIO_Init_Structure.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;__HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();         //开启GPIOB的时钟HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB,&GPIO_Init_Structure);
}/* 按键初始化函数 */
void My_Key_Init(void)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_Init_Structure;GPIO_Init_Structure.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;          //输入模式，检测按键状态GPIO_Init_Structure.Pin = GPIO_PIN_4 | GPIO_PIN_5;GPIO_Init_Structure.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;    //无需上下拉GPIO_Init_Structure.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
//	__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();             //在CubeMX自动生成的MX_GPIO_Init已经开启GPIOA的时钟，无需再次开启HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA,&GPIO_Init_Structure);
}
/* 开灯函数 */
void My_Led_ON()
{HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_10,GPIO_PIN_SET);   //给PB10一个高电平，开灯
}
/* 关灯函数 */
void My_Led_OFF()
{HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_10,GPIO_PIN_RESET); //给PB10一个低电平，关灯
}
/* 按键扫描函数 */
uint8_t My_Key_Scan(void)
{GPIO_PinState state = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_4);   //检测接在PA4上按键状态if(state == GPIO_PIN_RESET)       //如果按键脚低电平，按键按下{HAL_Delay(20);        //延时20ms，软件消抖if(state == GPIO_PIN_RESET)return 1;}state = HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5);   //检测接在PA5上按键状态if(state == GPIO_PIN_RESET)       //如果按键脚低电平，按键按下{HAL_Delay(20);        //延时20ms，软件消抖if(state == GPIO_PIN_RESET)return 2;}return 0;              //没有按键按下时候返回0}/* USER CODE END 2 */

（3）GPIO.h

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file    gpio.h* @brief   This file contains all the function prototypes for*          the gpio.c file******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Define to prevent recursive inclusion -------------------------------------*/
#ifndef __GPIO_H__
#define __GPIO_H__#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes *//* USER CODE END Includes *//* USER CODE BEGIN Private defines *//* USER CODE END Private defines */void MX_GPIO_Init(void);/* USER CODE BEGIN Prototypes */
/* LED初始化函数 */
void My_Led_Init(void);
/* 按键初始化函数 */
void My_Key_Init(void);
/* 开灯函数 */
void My_Led_ON();
/* 关灯函数 */
void My_Led_OFF();
/* 按键扫描函数 */
uint8_t My_Key_Scan(void);
/* USER CODE END Prototypes */#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /*__ GPIO_H__ */

（4）main.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes *//* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */My_Led_Init();My_Key_Init();/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE */switch(My_Key_Scan())    //获取键值{case 1:{My_Led_ON();   //开灯break;}case 2:{My_Led_OFF();  //关灯break;}case 0:break;}/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage*/__HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSI;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 8;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 100;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_3) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

上面我们学习了HAL库开发的基本操作，下面我们就来学习HAL库开发的外设操作吧。

03 GPIO中断编程

这节我们主要记录一下STM32CubeMX中中断配置。

（1）配置相应引脚为中断模式

（2）配置中断引脚触发方式和工作模式

（3）使能中断向量控制器

（4）设置中断优先级分组

江协科技STM32学习笔记（第04章 EXTI外部中断）_江协科技笔记-CSDN博客

勾选与不勾选的区别就是：左边是勾选上的，外设GPIO初始化完成后才初始化NVIC，右边是未勾选的，在GPIO里面就初始化了NVIC。 

配置完以上几步就可以生成代码了。

 （5）编写中断函数

使用HAL库配置的所有中断最终都会调用这个弱函数，我们和中断相关的代码都放这个函数里就可以了。

执行过程为：

 在这个回调函数里编写我们自己的中断控制程序。 

04 使用OLED进行调试

OLED使用I2C进行通信，所以这节的目的是为了了解I2C引脚的配置。

这里STM32CubeMX里就配置好了。

将OLED的驱动程序添加进工程里就可以使用oled了。

使用就是很常规的调用驱动里相关函数就行，就不记录了。 

05 按键抖动处理

处理按键抖动的时候我们可能会使用延时函数，隔一段时间再判断一下电平，但是中断函数的要求是快进快出，在中断函数里使用延时函数，显示有点违背了这条准则，本节就是记录如何解决这个问题。 使用定时器来解决这个问题，定时器是如以下3个图这样来调用的。

这个定时器每1ms产生一次中断， 增加一个计数值。

使用以下函数获得计数值。 

先定义相关的变量。 

struct soft_timer{uint32_t timeout;           //超时时间void *args;                 //给成员func用的参数void (*func)(void *);       //超时函数
};
/* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
int g_key_cnt = 0;
void key_timerout_func(void *args);struct soft_timer key_timer = {~0,NULL,key_timerout_func};     //按键超时时间结构体定义

只要触发中断，将超时时间设置为当前时间+10。

void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{if(GPIO_Pin == GPIO_PIN_14){	mod_timer(&key_timer,10);                     //中断函数里修改超时时间为当前时间+10}
}

void mod_timer(struct soft_timer *pTimer,uint32_t timeout)
{pTimer->timeout = HAL_GetTick()+timeout;         //超时时间等于当前计数值加上10，就是每次触发中断都等待10ms再检测        
}

 SysTick_Handler()会每隔1ms计数一次，并且检查定时时间有没有到。

void SysTick_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN SysTick_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END SysTick_IRQn 0 */HAL_IncTick();                            //没过1ms都会产生一次中断/* USER CODE BEGIN SysTick_IRQn 1 */extern void check_timer(void);check_timer();                            //调用check_timer检查按键定时器的时间有没有到了/* USER CODE END SysTick_IRQn 1 */
}

void check_timer(void)
{if(key_timer.timeout<=HAL_GetTick())            /*如果按键定时器的时间是否到了，这里key_timer.timeout的最大值是最后一次按键抖动触发的中断时间+10,key_timer.timeout<=HAL_GetTick()就移位着我的按键已经达到稳定状态了*/{key_timer.func(key_timer.args);         //按键达到稳定状态后把案件定时器状态归位}
}

void key_timerout_func(void *args)
{g_key_cnt++;                                               // 统计按键按下的次数key_timer.timeout= ~0;	                                   //每次计数完都给按键定时时间复位
}

 完整代码：

main.c:

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "i2c.h"
#include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "driver_oled.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */  
struct soft_timer{uint32_t timeout;           //超时时间void *args;                 //给成员func用的参数void (*func)(void *);       //超时函数
};
/* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
int g_key_cnt = 0;
void key_timerout_func(void *args);struct soft_timer key_timer = {~0,NULL,key_timerout_func};     //按键超时时间结构体定义void key_timerout_func(void *args)
{g_key_cnt++;                                               // 统计按键按下的次数key_timer.timeout= ~0;	                                   //每次计数完都给按键定时时间复位
}void mod_timer(struct soft_timer *pTimer,uint32_t timeout)
{pTimer->timeout = HAL_GetTick()+timeout;         //超时时间等于当前计数值加上10，就是每次触发中断都等待10ms再检测        
}void check_timer(void)
{if(key_timer.timeout<=HAL_GetTick())            /*如果按键定时器的时间是否到了，这里key_timer.timeout的最大值是最后一次按键抖动触发的中断时间+10,key_timer.timeout<=HAL_GetTick()就移位着我的按键已经达到稳定状态了*/{key_timer.func(key_timer.args);         //按键达到稳定状态后把案件定时器状态归位}
}void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{if(GPIO_Pin == GPIO_PIN_14){	mod_timer(&key_timer,10);                     //中断函数里修改超时时间为当前时间+10}
}
/* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_I2C1_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */OLED_Init();OLED_Clear();OLED_PrintString(0, 4, "Key ISR cnt = ");/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){
//		HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_13,GPIO_PIN_SET);          //PC13口置高电平，点亮LED
//		HAL_Delay(500);                                             //延时500ms
//		HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_13,GPIO_PIN_RESET);          //PC13口置高电平，点亮LED
//		HAL_Delay(500);OLED_PrintSignedVal(14, 4, g_key_cnt);/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

stm32f1xx_it.c :

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file    stm32f1xx_it.c* @brief   Interrupt Service Routines.******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header *//* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "stm32f1xx_it.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN TD *//* USER CODE END TD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//* External variables --------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN EV *//* USER CODE END EV *//******************************************************************************/
/*           Cortex-M3 Processor Interruption and Exception Handlers          */
/******************************************************************************/
/*** @brief This function handles Non maskable interrupt.*/
void NMI_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN NonMaskableInt_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END NonMaskableInt_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN NonMaskableInt_IRQn 1 */while (1){}/* USER CODE END NonMaskableInt_IRQn 1 */
}/*** @brief This function handles Hard fault interrupt.*/
void HardFault_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN HardFault_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END HardFault_IRQn 0 */while (1){/* USER CODE BEGIN W1_HardFault_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END W1_HardFault_IRQn 0 */}
}/*** @brief This function handles Memory management fault.*/
void MemManage_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 */while (1){/* USER CODE BEGIN W1_MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END W1_MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 */}
}/*** @brief This function handles Prefetch fault, memory access fault.*/
void BusFault_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN BusFault_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END BusFault_IRQn 0 */while (1){/* USER CODE BEGIN W1_BusFault_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END W1_BusFault_IRQn 0 */}
}/*** @brief This function handles Undefined instruction or illegal state.*/
void UsageFault_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN UsageFault_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END UsageFault_IRQn 0 */while (1){/* USER CODE BEGIN W1_UsageFault_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END W1_UsageFault_IRQn 0 */}
}/*** @brief This function handles System service call via SWI instruction.*/
void SVC_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN SVCall_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END SVCall_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN SVCall_IRQn 1 *//* USER CODE END SVCall_IRQn 1 */
}/*** @brief This function handles Debug monitor.*/
void DebugMon_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN DebugMonitor_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END DebugMonitor_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN DebugMonitor_IRQn 1 *//* USER CODE END DebugMonitor_IRQn 1 */
}/*** @brief This function handles Pendable request for system service.*/
void PendSV_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN PendSV_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END PendSV_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN PendSV_IRQn 1 *//* USER CODE END PendSV_IRQn 1 */
}/*** @brief This function handles System tick timer.*/
void SysTick_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN SysTick_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END SysTick_IRQn 0 */HAL_IncTick();                            //没过1ms都会产生一次中断/* USER CODE BEGIN SysTick_IRQn 1 */extern void check_timer(void);check_timer();                            //调用check_timer检查按键定时器的时间有没有到了/* USER CODE END SysTick_IRQn 1 */
}/******************************************************************************/
/* STM32F1xx Peripheral Interrupt Handlers                                    */
/* Add here the Interrupt Handlers for the used peripherals.                  */
/* For the available peripheral interrupt handler names,                      */
/* please refer to the startup file (startup_stm32f1xx.s).                    */
/******************************************************************************//*** @brief This function handles EXTI line[15:10] interrupts.*/
void EXTI15_10_IRQHandler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN EXTI15_10_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END EXTI15_10_IRQn 0 */HAL_GPIO_EXTI_IRQHandler(GPIO_PIN_14);/* USER CODE BEGIN EXTI15_10_IRQn 1 *//* USER CODE END EXTI15_10_IRQn 1 */
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 */

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