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Selenium 实现图片验证码识别

news 2025/7/12 15:25:06

前言

在测试过程中，有的时候登录需要输入图片验证码。这时候使用Selenium进行自动化测试，怎么做图片验证码识别？本篇内容主要介绍使用Selenium、BufferedImage、Tesseract进行图片验证码识别。

环境准备

jdk：1.8
tessdata：文章末尾附下载地址

安装Tesseract

我本地是ubuntu系统

sudo apt install tesseract-ocr
sudo apt install libtesseract-dev

在项目中引用

<dependency><groupId>net.sourceforge.tess4j</groupId><artifactId>tess4j</artifactId><version>4.5.4</version>
</dependency>

实现

在下图中，登录需要使用图片验证码进行验证。我们的图片验证码识别流程是使用Selenium定位到图片验证码元素，将元素截图保。然后将保存的图片验证码使用BufferedImage进行灰度化、二值化处理，处理完成后去除图片上的干扰点。最后使用Tesseract进行图片验证码上的字符识别。
在这里插入图片描述

处理图片

首先使用BufferedImage读取图片验证码图片，然后调整亮度后进行灰度化、二值化处理。处理后的图片去除干扰点。

public static void cleanLinesInImage(File sfile, String destDir)  throws IOException{File destF =new File(destDir);if (!destF.exists()){destF.mkdirs();}BufferedImage bufferedImage = ImageIO.read(sfile);int h = bufferedImage.getHeight();int w = bufferedImage.getWidth();// 灰度化int[][] gray = new int[w][h];for (int x = 0; x < w; x++){for (int y = 0; y < h; y++){int argb = bufferedImage.getRGB(x, y);// 图像加亮（调整亮度识别率非常高）int r = (int) (((argb >> 16) & 0xFF) * 1.1 + 30);int g = (int) (((argb >> 8) & 0xFF) * 1.1 + 30);int b = (int) (((argb >> 0) & 0xFF) * 1.1 + 30);//                int r = (int) (((argb >> 16) & 0xFF) * 0.1 + 30);//                int g = (int) (((argb >> 8) & 0xFF) * 0.1 + 30);//                int b = (int) (((argb >> 0) & 0xFF) * 0.1 + 30);if (r >= 255){r = 255;}if (g >= 255){g = 255;}if (b >= 255){b = 255;}gray[x][y] = (int) Math.pow((Math.pow(r, 2.2) * 0.2973 + Math.pow(g, 2.2)* 0.6274 + Math.pow(b, 2.2) * 0.0753), 1 / 2.2);}}ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "jpg", new File(destDir, sfile.getName()));// 二值化int threshold = ostu(gray, w, h);BufferedImage binaryBufferedImage = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_BINARY);for (int x = 0; x < w; x++){for (int y = 0; y < h; y++){if (gray[x][y] > threshold){gray[x][y] |= 0x00FFFF;} else{gray[x][y] &= 0xFF0000;}binaryBufferedImage.setRGB(x, y, gray[x][y]);}}ImageIO.write(binaryBufferedImage, "jpg", new File(destDir, sfile.getName()));//        去除干扰线条for(int y = 1; y < h-1; y++){for(int x = 1; x < w-1; x++){boolean flag = false ;if(isBlack(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x, y))){//左右均为空时，去掉此点if(isWhite(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x-1, y)) && isWhite(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x+1, y))){flag = true;}//上下均为空时，去掉此点if(isWhite(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x, y+1)) && isWhite(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x, y-1))){flag = true;}//斜上下为空时，去掉此点if(isWhite(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x-1, y+1)) && isWhite(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x+1, y-1))){flag = true;}if(isWhite(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x+1, y+1)) && isWhite(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x-1, y-1))){flag = true;}if(flag){binaryBufferedImage.setRGB(x,y,-1);}}}}// 矩阵打印//        for (int y = 0; y < h; y++)//        {//            for (int x = 0; x < w; x++)//            {//                if (isBlack(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x, y)))//                {//                    System.out.print("*");//                } else//                {//                    System.out.print(" ");//                }//            }//            System.out.println();//        }ImageIO.write(binaryBufferedImage, "jpg", new File(destDir, sfile.getName()));}

OCR识别

setDataPath方法，传入你下载的

public static String executeTess4J(String imgUrl){String ocrResult = "";try{ITesseract instance = new Tesseract();instance.setDatapath("your tessdata path");instance.setLanguage("eng");instance.setOcrEngineMode(0);instance.setTessVariable("tessedit_char_whitelist", "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz01234567890");File imgDir = new File(imgUrl);//long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();ocrResult = instance.doOCR(imgDir);}catch (TesseractException e){e.printStackTrace();}return ocrResult;
}

验证

编写Selenium脚本

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/home/zhangkexin/chromedriver");WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();driver.manage().window().maximize();driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);driver.get("https://xkczb.jtw.beijing.gov.cn/#");WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"getValidCode\"]/img"));File img = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);String path = System.getProperty("user.dir");cleanLinesInImage(img, path);String imgFile = path  + "/" + img.getName();Path source = Paths.get(imgFile);Path dest =  Paths.get("/home/zhangkexin/ui-test/autoTest/img.jpg");Files.copy(source, dest, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);String code = executeTess4J("/home/zhangkexin/ui-test/autoTest/img.jpg");System.out.println(code);driver.quit();
}