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Learn ComputeShader 07 Post Processing

news 2025/7/15 10:00:04

这次我们将使用计算机着色器对图像进行后处理。

要进行后处理需要将渲染图像从cpu传递给gpu，并在gpu对图像进行处理然后传回cpu。

首先创建一个后处理基类BasePP

首先声明需要用到的属性。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;[RequireComponent(typeof(Camera))]
public class BasePP : MonoBehaviour
{public ComputeShader shader = null;protected string kernelName = "CSMain";protected Vector2Int texSize = new Vector2Int(0,0);protected Vector2Int groupSize = new Vector2Int();protected Camera thisCamera;protected RenderTexture output = null;protected RenderTexture renderedSource = null;protected int kernelHandle = -1;protected bool init = false;protected virtual void Init(){if (!SystemInfo.supportsComputeShaders){Debug.LogError("It seems your target Hardware does not support Compute Shaders.");return;}if (!shader){Debug.LogError("No shader");return;}kernelHandle = shader.FindKernel(kernelName);thisCamera = GetComponent<Camera>();if (!thisCamera){Debug.LogError("Object has no Camera");return;}CreateTextures();init = true;}protected void ClearTexture(ref RenderTexture textureToClear){if (null != textureToClear){textureToClear.Release();textureToClear = null;}}protected virtual void ClearTextures(){ClearTexture(ref output);ClearTexture(ref renderedSource);}protected void CreateTexture(ref RenderTexture textureToMake, int divide=1){textureToMake = new RenderTexture(texSize.x/divide, texSize.y/divide, 0);textureToMake.enableRandomWrite = true;textureToMake.Create();}protected virtual void CreateTextures(){}protected virtual void OnEnable(){Init();}protected virtual void OnDisable(){ClearTextures();init = false;}protected virtual void OnDestroy(){ClearTextures();init = false;}protected virtual void DispatchWithSource(ref RenderTexture source, ref RenderTexture destination){}protected void CheckResolution(out bool resChange ){resChange = false;}protected virtual void OnRenderImage(RenderTexture source, RenderTexture destination){if (!init || shader == null){Graphics.Blit(source, destination);}else{CheckResolution(out _);DispatchWithSource(ref source, ref destination);}}}

初始化以后就会创建纹理，但是这个函数还没有完善。

首先设置纹理的宽度和高度，然后获取线程组的x和y的大小，这里GetKernelThreadGroupSizes的都三个参数out _表示忽略z 轴的线程组尺寸，这是 C# 语言中的一种方式，用于表示对某个输出值不感兴趣，不需要它的实际值。，然后创建两张纹理并传递给shader。

    protected virtual void CreateTextures(){texSize.x = thisCamera.pixelWidth;//返回摄像机视口的宽度和高度texSize.y = thisCamera.pixelHeight;if (shader){uint x, y;shader.GetKernelThreadGroupSizes(kernelHandle, out x, out y,out _);groupSize.x = Mathf.CeilToInt((float)texSize.x / (float)x);groupSize.y = Mathf.CeilToInt((float)texSize.y / (float)y);}CreateTexture(ref output);CreateTexture(ref renderedSource);shader.SetTexture(kernelHandle, "source", renderedSource);shader.SetTexture(kernelHandle, "output", output);}

下面就是要获取到渲染的纹理并传递到GPU

OnRenderImage(RenderTexture source, RenderTexture destination)这个函数可以获取摄像机渲染后的图像到source，并通过对原图像的一系列处理之后设置到destination上。

OnRenderImage 是 Unity 中的一个特殊回调函数，用于在摄像机完成渲染之后对图像进行后处理。它是在摄像机渲染过程的最后阶段被自动调用的。你不需要手动调用这个函数，而是由 Unity 引擎在渲染管线中自动调用。

    protected virtual void OnRenderImage(RenderTexture source, RenderTexture destination){if (!init || shader == null){Graphics.Blit(source, destination);}else{CheckResolution(out _);DispatchWithSource(ref source, ref destination);}}

接着我们继续完善checkresolution和dispatchwithsource函数。

如果没有设置texsize那么就执行createtextures函数设置纹理大小

    protected void CheckResolution(out bool resChange ){resChange = false;if (texSize.x != thisCamera.pixelWidth || texSize.y != thisCamera.pixelHeight){resChange = true;CreateTextures();}}

首先将源纹理传递到shader，然后给shader分配线程组，然后将shader处理后的纹理传递到destination

    protected virtual void DispatchWithSource(ref RenderTexture source, ref RenderTexture destination){Graphics.Blit(source, renderedSource);shader.Dispatch(kernelHandle, groupSize.x, groupSize.y, 1);Graphics.Blit(output, destination);}

接着我们书写一个简单的后处理示例

我们只是在代码中将原图像的颜色乘上一个shade调整图像的亮度

void Highlight(uint3 id : SV_DispatchThreadID)
{float4 srcColor = source[id.xy];float4 color   =srcColor*shade;output[id.xy] = color;
}

效果展示：

接着我们想要让角色周围高亮显示，但是其它地方仍然是变暗一些。

首先在cpu获取角色的位置并且转换到屏幕坐标，然后传递给shader。

 protected override void OnRenderImage(RenderTexture source, RenderTexture destination){if (!init || shader == null){Graphics.Blit(source, destination);}else{if (trackedObject && thisCamera){Vector3 pos = thisCamera.WorldToScreenPoint(trackedObject.position);//将世界坐标转换为屏幕坐标center.x = pos.x;center.y = pos.y;shader.SetVector("center", center);}bool resChange =false;CheckResolution(out _);if (resChange) SetProperties();DispatchWithSource(ref source, ref destination);}}

在shader中检测像素是否在角色周围，然后根据和角色的距离对颜色进行插值。如果距离大于半径完全是变暗的颜色，小于半径就是高亮显示。

float inCircle( float2 pt, float2 center, float radius, float edgeWidth ){float len = length(pt - center);return 1.0 - smoothstep(radius-edgeWidth, radius, len);
}[numthreads(8, 8, 1)]
void Highlight(uint3 id : SV_DispatchThreadID)
{float4 srcColor = source[id.xy];float4 shadedSrcColor   =srcColor*shade;float4 highlight = inCircle((float2)id.xy,center.xy,radius,edgeWidth);float4 color =lerp(shadedSrcColor,srcColor,highlight);output[id.xy] = color;
}

效果：