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Prometheus 服务发现

news 2025/7/23 15:11:35

一、基于文件的服务发现

基于文件的服务发现是仅仅略优于静态配置的服务发现方式，它不依赖于任何平台或第三方服务，因而也是最为简单和通用的实现方式。
Prometheus Server 会定期从文件中加载 Target 信息，文件可使用 YAML 和 JSON 格式，它含有定义的 Target 列表，以及可选的标签信息。

创建用于服务发现的文件，在文件中配置所需的 target 
cd /usr/local/prometheus
mkdir file_sd
cd file_sd/
vim node-exporter.yaml
- targets:- 192.168.10.30:9100labels:svc: node              vim prometheus.yml
- job_name: "node_exporter"scheme: httpmetrics_path: /metricsfile_sd_configs:                    #指定使用文件服务发现- files:                            #指定要加载的文件列表- file_sd/node-exporter.yaml      #文件加载
systemctl restart prometheus.service

通过修改配置文件 node-exporter.yaml可以设置监控的主机节点

二、基于 Consul 的服务发现

Consul 是一款基于 golang 开发的开源工具，主要面向分布式，服务化的系统提供服务注册、服务发现和配置管理的功能。
提供服务注册/发现、健康检查、Key/Value存储、多数据中心和分布式一致性保证等功能。

下载地址：https://www.consul.io/downloads/

cd /opt
上传consul_1.9.2_linux_amd64.zip
unzip consul_1.9.2_linux_amd64.zip
mv consul /usr/local/bin/
consul version

cd /usr/local/
mkdir consul
cd consul/
mkdir data conf logs
consul agent \
> -server \
> -bootstrap \
> -ui \
> -data-dir=/usr/local/consul/data \
> -config-dir=/usr/local/consul/conf \
> -bind=192.168.10.31 \
> -client=0.0.0.0 \
> -node=consul-server01 &> /usr/local/consul/logs/consul.log &netstat -lntp | grep consul

使用consul发现目标主机

cd /usr/local/consul/conf
vim nodes.json
{"services": [{"id": "node_exporter-node01","name": "node01","address": "192.168.10.31","port": 9100,"tags": ["nodes"],"checks": [{"http": "http://192.168.10.31:9100/metrics","interval": "5s"}]},{"id": "node_exporter-node02","name": "node01","address": "192.168.10.30","port": 9100,"tags": ["nodes"],"checks": [{"http": "http://192.168.10.30:9100/metrics","interval": "5s"}]}]
}consul reload

关联普罗米修斯

vim prometheus.yml- job_name: "node_exporter"scheme: httpmetrics_path: /metricsconsul_sd_configs:- server: 192.168.10.31:8500tags:- nodesrefresh_interval: 1m              每隔1分钟重新加载一次文件中定义的 Targets，默认为 5m
systemctl restart prometheus.service

如何剔除/添加consul中的主机

consul services deregister -id "node_exporter-node01"

consul services register ./nodes.json

三、基于 Kubernetes API 的服务发现

基于 Kubernetes API 的服务发现机制，支持将 API Server 中 Node、Service、Endpoint、Pod 和 Ingress 等资源类型下相应的各资源对象视作 target，并持续监视相关资源的变动

●Node、Service、Endpoint、Pod 和 Ingress 资源分别由各自的发现机制进行定义

●负责发现每种类型资源对象的组件，在 Prometheus 中称为一个 role

●支持在集群上基于 DaemonSet 控制器部署 node-exporter 后发现各 Node 节点，也可以通过 kubelet 来作为 Prometheus 发现各 Node 节点的入口

k8s主节点操作vim rbac.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:name: monitoring---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:name: outside-prometheusnamespace: monitoring---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:name: outside-prometheus
rules:
- apiGroups:- ""resources:- nodes- services- endpoints- pods- nodes/proxyverbs:- get- list- watch
- apiGroups:- "networking.k8s.io"resources:- ingressesverbs:- get- list- watch
- apiGroups:- ""resources:- configmaps- nodes/metricsverbs:- get
- nonResourceURLs:- /metricsverbs:- get---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:name: outside-prometheus
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: ClusterRolename: outside-prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccountname: outside-prometheusnamespace: monitoring
kubectl apply -f rbac.yaml获取ServiceAccount对应Secret资源对象中保存的token，然后将token保存到Prometheus节点上的文件里。TOKEN=`kubectl get secret/$(kubectl -n monitoring get secret | awk '/outside-prometheus/{print $1}') -n monitoring -o jsonpath={.data.token} | base64 -d`echo $TOKENcd /etc/kubernetes/pki/
scp ca.crt 192.168.10.31:/usr/local/prometheus

prometheus服务器
cd /usr/local/prometheus
echo eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IlVlekNjZThYQ1lGNHVUVzFkeXdVbjhtaGUzbFJuMzZSeXV4VWExMnJVUzAifQ.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.jzBcGYgiADGQ1MxR-9xJ7dCIAFI2aCkuX64w6AzDDIwV_XMRUNNSIoX6867Mu3ebuFPChBX6B0bIJ-SrxspjSNIOBiuYSuCKXNqwwxfpVSNNq_v40JFBxn7NpzxrLDHm5eq8scwWMEy6HPVdN83uhU4Zrd4GVenArirwKScsl_bphjrFf-vp1Z9aMWH241BzJtvv-aQ2m0-dQ13ZljZ-YP_FO-lz0EGuECfyiIozFkDPwooMowRxy68m0liwGo-McrKttv3BC8KJcSmSmFZyGAzQuNoHa8j5FIOHMJxlhfIxXlrTDSUEUgBSjsOWMKXEN_mMBzi4lLHIwfMJDv4Zmw > k8s-api-token
cat k8s-api-token

k8s主节点
kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-system-anonymous --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=system:anonymous

prometheus服务器
vim prometheus.yml
- job_name: "k8s-apiserver"scheme: httpskubernetes_sd_configs:- role: endpointsapi_server: https://192.168.10.30:6443tls_config:ca_file: /usr/local/prometheus/ca.crtauthorization:credentials_file: /usr/local/prometheus/k8s-api-tokentls_config:ca_file: /usr/local/prometheus/ca.crtauthorization:credentials_file: /usr/local/prometheus/k8s-api-tokenrelabel_configs:- source_labels: ["__meta_kubernetes_namespace", "__meta_kubernetes_endpoints_name", "__meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name"]regex: default;kubernetes;httpsaction: keep- job_name: "kubernetes-nodes"kubernetes_sd_configs:- role: nodeapi_server: https://192.168.10.30:6443tls_config:ca_file: /usr/local/prometheus/ca.crtauthorization:credentials_file: /usr/local/prometheus/k8s-api-tokenrelabel_configs:- source_labels: ["__address__"]regex: (.*):10250action: replacetarget_label: __address__replacement: $1:9100- action: labelmapregex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)systemctl restart prometheus.service