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打造聊天流式回复效果：Spring Boot+WebSocket + JS实战

news 2025/7/14 11:31:35

本篇博客将带领你使用 Spring Boot、WebSocket 和 JavaScript 实现一个类似 ChatGPT 的流式回复效果。前端发送消息后，后端接收消息并请求 AI API，并将 AI 返回的流式响应实时推送到前端，最终在聊天界面呈现出逐字出现的打字效果。

技术原理

WebSocket 全双工通信: WebSocket 协议提供全双工通信通道，允许服务器和客户端之间进行双向实时数据传输，非常适合实现流式数据传输。
Spring WebFlux 响应式编程: Spring WebFlux 基于 Reactor 库，支持响应式流处理，可以处理 AI API 返回的流式数据。
SSE（Server-Sent Events）： SSE 是一种基于 HTTP 的单向服务器推送技术，可以将 AI 返回的流式数据实时推送到前端。

实现步骤

一、后端实现 (Spring Boot)

添加依赖

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
</dependency>

创建 WebSocket 处理器

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.MessageMapping;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Payload;
import org.springframework.messaging.simp.SimpMessagingTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.WebClient;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;import java.time.Duration;@Controller
public class ChatController {@Autowiredprivate SimpMessagingTemplate messagingTemplate;@Autowiredprivate WebClient webClient; // 用于调用 AI API@MessageMapping("/chat.sendMessage") // 接收来自客户端的消息public void sendMessage(@Payload Message message) throws Exception {// 构造 AI API 请求ApiRequest apiRequest = new ApiRequest(message.getContent()); // 假设 AI API 接受 ApiRequest 对象// 调用 AI API，获取流式响应Flux<String> apiResponse = callAiApi(apiRequest);// 处理 AI API 响应，并逐条发送给前端apiResponse.delayElements(Duration.ofMillis(50)) // 模拟打字延迟.subscribe(chunk -> {Message responseMessage = new Message("AI", chunk);messagingTemplate.convertAndSend("/topic/chat", responseMessage);});}// 调用 AI APIprivate Flux<String> callAiApi(ApiRequest request) {// 将 ApiRequest 对象转换为 JSON 字符串// ...// 发送 POST 请求，并指定返回数据类型为 Flux<String>return webClient.post().uri("https://api.example.com/ai-api") // 替换为实际的 AI API 地址.bodyValue(request).retrieve().bodyToFlux(String.class);}// 消息类public static class Message {private String sender;private String content;// 构造函数，getter 和 setter}// AI API 请求类public static class ApiRequest {private String prompt;// 构造函数，getter 和 setter}
}

WebSocket 配置

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.messaging.simp.config.MessageBrokerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.EnableWebSocketMessageBroker;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.StompEndpointRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.WebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer;@Configuration
@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker
public class WebSocketConfig implements WebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer {@Overridepublic void configureMessageBroker(MessageBrokerRegistry config) {config.enableSimpleBroker("/topic");config.setApplicationDestinationPrefixes("/app");}@Overridepublic void registerStompEndpoints(StompEndpointRegistry registry) {registry.addEndpoint("/ws").withSockJS();}
}

二、前端实现 (JavaScript)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title>Chat Application</title><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/sockjs-client/1.5.1/sockjs.min.js"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/stomp.js/2.3.3/stomp.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body><div id="chat-container"><div id="chat-output"></div><input type="text" id="message-input" placeholder="Enter message..."><button onclick="sendMessage()">Send</button></div><script>// 连接 WebSocketvar socket = new SockJS('/ws');var stompClient = Stomp.over(socket);stompClient.connect({}, function(frame) {console.log('Connected: ' + frame);// 订阅聊天频道stompClient.subscribe('/topic/chat', function(message) {showMessage(JSON.parse(message.body));});});// 发送消息function sendMessage() {var message = document.getElementById('message-input').value;stompClient.send("/app/chat.sendMessage", {}, JSON.stringify({'sender': 'user', // 可替换为实际用户名'content': message}));}// 显示消息function showMessage(message) {var chatOutput = document.getElementById('chat-output');var messageElement = document.createElement('div');if (message.sender === 'AI') {// AI 回复逐字显示typeWriter(messageElement, message.content, 0);} else {messageElement.innerHTML = '<strong>' + message.sender + ':</strong> ' + message.content;chatOutput.appendChild(messageElement);}}// 模拟打字效果function typeWriter(element, text, i) {if (i < text.length) {element.innerHTML += text.charAt(i);setTimeout(function() {typeWriter(element, text, i + 1);}, 50); // 调整打字速度} else {document.getElementById('chat-output').appendChild(element);}}</script>
</body>
</html>