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Python学习计划——12.1选择一个小项目并完成

news 2025/7/22 10:28:25

在这节课中，我们将选择一个小项目并完成它。为了综合运用前面所学的知识，我们选择构建一个简单的Web应用，该应用将包含数据分析和展示功能。我们将使用Flask框架和Pandas库来处理数据，并将结果展示在Web页面上。

项目：简单的电影数据分析和展示应用

这个项目的目标是创建一个Web应用，用户可以上传包含电影信息的CSV文件，应用将分析这些数据并展示结果。我们将使用Pandas进行数据分析，并使用Flask构建Web接口。

项目结构

首先，设定项目结构如下：

movie_analysis/app.pytemplates/upload.htmlanalysis.htmlstatic/style.css

1. 创建Flask应用

首先，定义Flask应用，并添加上传和展示页面的路由。

示例：创建Flask应用

from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect, url_for, flash
import pandas as pd
import osapp = Flask(__name__)
app.secret_key = "supersecretkey"
UPLOAD_FOLDER = 'uploads'
if not os.path.exists(UPLOAD_FOLDER):os.makedirs(UPLOAD_FOLDER)
app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'] = UPLOAD_FOLDER@app.route('/')
def index():return render_template('upload.html')@app.route('/upload', methods=['POST'])
def upload_file():if 'file' not in request.files:flash('No file part')return redirect(request.url)file = request.files['file']if file.filename == '':flash('No selected file')return redirect(request.url)if file:filepath = os.path.join(app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'], file.filename)file.save(filepath)return redirect(url_for('analyze', filename=file.filename))return redirect(request.url)@app.route('/analyze/<filename>')
def analyze(filename):filepath = os.path.join(app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'], filename)df = pd.read_csv(filepath)# 数据分析num_movies = len(df)avg_rating = df['rating'].mean()top_movies = df.nlargest(10, 'rating')[['title', 'rating']]return render_template('analysis.html', num_movies=num_movies, avg_rating=avg_rating, top_movies=top_movies)if __name__ == '__main__':app.run(debug=True)

2. 创建模板文件

在templates目录中创建以下模板文件：

upload.html：

<!-- templates/upload.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title>Upload Movie Data</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='style.css') }}">
</head>
<body><h1>Upload Movie Data</h1><form action="{{ url_for('upload_file') }}" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"><label for="file">Choose CSV file:</label><input type="file" id="file" name="file"><button type="submit">Upload</button></form>{% with messages = get_flashed_messages() %}{% if messages %}<ul>{% for message in messages %}<li>{{ message }}</li>{% endfor %}</ul>{% endif %}{% endwith %}
</body>
</html>

analysis.html：

<!-- templates/analysis.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title>Movie Data Analysis</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='style.css') }}">
</head>
<body><h1>Movie Data Analysis</h1><p>Number of Movies: {{ num_movies }}</p><p>Average Rating: {{ avg_rating }}</p><h2>Top 10 Movies</h2><table><tr><th>Title</th><th>Rating</th></tr>{% for movie in top_movies.itertuples() %}<tr><td>{{ movie.title }}</td><td>{{ movie.rating }}</td></tr>{% endfor %}</table><a href="{{ url_for('index') }}">Upload another file</a>
</body>
</html>

3. 创建静态文件

在static目录中创建style.css文件：

/* static/style.css */
body {font-family: Arial, sans-serif;background-color: #f0f0f0;margin: 0;padding: 0;
}
h1, h2 {color: #333;
}
form {margin-top: 20px;
}
form label {display: block;margin-bottom: 5px;
}
form input[type="file"] {margin-bottom: 10px;
}
form button {padding: 5px 10px;background-color: #0066cc;color: white;border: none;cursor: pointer;
}
form button:hover {background-color: #004080;
}
table {width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;margin-top: 20px;
}
table, th, td {border: 1px solid #ddd;
}
th, td {padding: 10px;text-align: left;
}
th {background-color: #f2f2f2;
}