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常用的图像增强操作

news 2025/7/27 0:37:23

我们将介绍如何用PIL库实现一些简单的图像增强方法。

[!NOTE] 初始化配置

import numpy as np  
from PIL import Image, ImageOps, ImageEnhance  
import warningswarnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
IMAGE_SIZE = 640

[!important] 辅助函数
主要用于控制增强幅度

def int_parameter(level, maxval):  return int(level * maxval / 10)  def float_parameter(level, maxval):  return float(level) * maxval / 10.def sample_level(n):  return np.random.uniform(low=0.1, high=n)

level用于控制增强方法的数值强度，maxval一般取值为4，level是一个从均匀分布中采样的数值，这样让每次增强都具有随机性。

[!example] 增强方法

色彩反转

def invert(pil_img, _):  return ImageOps.invert(pil_img)

镜像

def mirror(pil_img, _):  return ImageOps.mirror(pil_img)

均衡化

def equalize(pil_img, _):  return ImageOps.equalize(pil_img)

色彩分离

def posterize(pil_img, level):  level = int_parameter(sample_level(level), 4)  return ImageOps.posterize(pil_img, 4 - level)

旋转

def rotate(pil_img, level):  degrees = int_parameter(sample_level(level), 30)  if np.random.uniform() > 0.5:  degrees = -degrees  return pil_img.rotate(degrees, resample=Image.BILINEAR)

Solarize

def solarize(pil_img, level):  level = int_parameter(sample_level(level), 256)  return ImageOps.solarize(pil_img, 256 - level)

Shear_x

def shear_x(pil_img, level):  level = float_parameter(sample_level(level), 0.3)  if np.random.uniform() > 0.5:  level = -level  return pil_img.transform((IMAGE_SIZE, IMAGE_SIZE),  Image.AFFINE, (1, level, 0, 0, 1, 0),  resample=Image.BILINEAR)

Shear_y

def shear_y(pil_img, level):  level = float_parameter(sample_level(level), 0.3)  if np.random.uniform() > 0.5:  level = -level  return pil_img.transform((IMAGE_SIZE, IMAGE_SIZE),  Image.AFFINE, (1, 0, 0, level, 1, 0),  resample=Image.BILINEAR)

Translate_x

def translate_x(pil_img, level):  level = int_parameter(sample_level(level), IMAGE_SIZE / 3)  if np.random.random() > 0.5:  level = -level  return pil_img.transform((IMAGE_SIZE, IMAGE_SIZE),  Image.AFFINE, (1, 0, level, 0, 1, 0),  resample=Image.BILINEAR)

Translate_y

def translate_y(pil_img, level):  level = int_parameter(sample_level(level), IMAGE_SIZE / 3)  if np.random.random() > 0.5:  level = -level  return pil_img.transform((IMAGE_SIZE, IMAGE_SIZE),  Image.AFFINE, (1, 0, 0, 0, 1, level),  resample=Image.BILINEAR)

Color

def color(pil_img, level):  level = float_parameter(sample_level(level), 1.8) + 0.1  return ImageEnhance.Color(pil_img).enhance(level)

Contrast

def contrast(pil_img, level):  level = float_parameter(sample_level(level), 1.8) + 0.1  return ImageEnhance.Contrast(pil_img).enhance(level)

AutoContrast

def autocontrast(pil_img, level):  level = float_parameter(sample_level(level), 10)  return ImageOps.autocontrast(pil_img, 10 - level)

Brightness

def brightness(pil_img, level):  level = float_parameter(sample_level(level), 1.8) + 0.1  return ImageEnhance.Brightness(pil_img).enhance(level)

Sharpness

def sharpness(pil_img, level):  level = float_parameter(sample_level(level), 1.8) + 0.1  return ImageEnhance.Sharpness(pil_img).enhance(level)

[!success] 使用案例

对于这样一张原图：

在这里插入图片描述

augmentations_all = {  "autocontrast":autocontrast,  "equalize":equalize,  "posterize":posterize,  "rotate":rotate,  "solarize":solarize,  "shear_x":shear_x,  "shear_y":shear_y,  "translate_x":translate_x,  "translate_y":translate_y,  "color":color,  "contrast":contrast,  "brightness":brightness,  "sharpness":sharpness,  "mirror":mirror,  "invert":invert  }  import matplotlib.pyplot as plt  img=Image.open(r"C:\Users\Administrator\Downloads\result1.5\result\original_resized\class0\0.jpg")  def draw(plt,idx,img,title):  plt.subplot(int("24"+str(idx)))  plt.imshow(img)  plt.xticks([])  plt.yticks([])  plt.title(title)  plt.figure(figsize=(20,16))  
for idx,(k,v) in enumerate(augmentations_all.items()):  draw(plt,(idx)%8+1,v(img.copy(),1),k)  if idx!=0 and idx % 7 == 0:  plt.show()  plt.figure(figsize=(20,16))