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fabricjs 实现图像的二值化功能

news 2025/7/27 22:10:06

一、效果图

在这里插入图片描述

二、图像二值化的作用

二值化是图像处理中常用的一种方法，其作用是将灰度图像转换为二值图像，即将图像中的像素点根据其灰度值分成两类：黑色和白色。这种处理方法可以帮助我们更清晰地识别图像中的目标，简化图像的复杂度，提高图像的处理速度和准确性。

三、实现思路

1、获取框选的图片，进行截图

<div><canvasref="grayCanvas":width="canvasProp.width":height="canvasProp.height"></canvas><canvasref="binaryCanvas":width="canvasProp.width":height="canvasProp.height"></canvas></div><!-- 隐藏的 canvas --><canvasref="hiddenCanvas":width="canvasProp.width":height="canvasProp.height"style="display: none;"></canvas>// 根据框选的数据，对原图进行截图getCanvasImageData() {const viewportTransform = this.fabricCanvas.viewportTransform;const zoom = this.fabricCanvas.getZoom();let selectedCoords = null;this.fabricCanvas.getObjects().forEach(rect => {const coords = [];const points = rect.get("aCoords");Object.keys(points).forEach(key => {let point = points[key];const actualX = (point.x - viewportTransform[4]) / zoom;const actualY = (point.y - viewportTransform[5]) / zoom;coords.push([Math.round(actualX), Math.round(actualY)]);});// 假设只有一个矩形对象，我们只需获取一个对象的坐标selectedCoords = coords;});if (selectedCoords) {// 获取矩形区域的最小和最大坐标const minX = Math.min(...selectedCoords.map(coord => coord[0]));const minY = Math.min(...selectedCoords.map(coord => coord[1]));const maxX = Math.max(...selectedCoords.map(coord => coord[0]));const maxY = Math.max(...selectedCoords.map(coord => coord[1]));const width = maxX - minX;const height = maxY - minY;// 从隐藏的 canvas 中获取选中区域的图像数据const ctx = this.$refs.hiddenCanvas.getContext("2d");return ctx.getImageData(minX, minY, width, height);}return null;},

页面中要有3个canvas，grayCanvas 画灰度图片，binaryCanvas画二值化图片，hiddenCanvas 画原始的图片便于截图

2、对图片进行灰度处理
转化为灰度图片，放在灰度画布中

  convertToGrayScale(imageData) {const data = imageData.data;for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i += 4) {const avg = 0.3 * data[i] + 0.59 * data[i + 1] + 0.11 * data[i + 2];data[i] = avg;data[i + 1] = avg;data[i + 2] = avg;}return imageData;},applyGrayScale() {const imageData = this.getCanvasImageData();const grayImageData = this.convertToGrayScale(imageData);const grayCtx = this.$refs.grayCanvas.getContext("2d");grayCtx.putImageData(grayImageData, 0, 0);this.applyThreshold();},

3、拖动滑块，根据阈值对图片进行二值化处理

    applyThreshold() {const grayCtx = this.$refs.grayCanvas.getContext("2d");const grayImageData = grayCtx.getImageData(0,0,this.canvasProp.width,this.canvasProp.height);const data = grayImageData.data;for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i += 4) {const avg = data[i];const value = avg > this.threshold ? 255 : 0;data[i] = value;data[i + 1] = value;data[i + 2] = value;}const binaryCtx = this.$refs.binaryCanvas.getContext("2d");binaryCtx.putImageData(grayImageData, 0, 0);},

4、添加滑块移动的监听

   this.fabricCanvas.on("object:modified", this.applyGrayScale);this.fabricCanvas.on("object:added", this.applyGrayScale);this.fabricCanvas.on("object:removed", this.applyGrayScale);