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Docker入门指南：Linux系统下的完整安装步骤与常见问题解答

news 2025/8/17 13:24:47

本文以centos7演示。

Docker安装

可参考官方安装文档：Install Docker Engine on CentOS | Docker Docs

一图流：

# 移除旧版本docker
sudo yum remove docker \docker-client \docker-client-latest \docker-common \docker-latest \docker-latest-logrotate \docker-logrotate \docker-engine# 配置docker yum源。
sudo yum install -y yum-utils
sudo yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo# 安装 最新 docker
sudo yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin# 启动 & 开机启动docker； enable + start 二合一
systemctl enable docker --now# 配置加速
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{"registry-mirrors": ["https://82m9ar63.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

具体操作

0）移除旧版本Docker

sudo yum remove docker \docker-client \docker-client-latest \docker-common \docker-latest \docker-latest-logrotate \docker-logrotate \docker-engine

1）配置docker yum源（安装工具类，配置地址源）

sudo yum install -y yum-utils
sudo yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

官网（备用，不太推荐）：

sudo yum install -y yum-utils
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

如果此步在安装过程中如下图报错：

[root@localhost ~]# sudo yum install -y yum-utils
Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=x86_64&repo=os&infra=stock error was
14: curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrorlist.centos.org; 未知的错误"One of the configured repositories failed (未知),and yum doesn't have enough cached data to continue. At this point the onlysafe thing yum can do is fail. There are a few ways to work "fix" this:1. Contact the upstream for the repository and get them to fix the problem.2. Reconfigure the baseurl/etc. for the repository, to point to a workingupstream. This is most often useful if you are using a newerdistribution release than is supported by the repository (and thepackages for the previous distribution release still work).3. Run the command with the repository temporarily disabledyum --disablerepo=<repoid> ...4. Disable the repository permanently, so yum won't use it by default. Yumwill then just ignore the repository until you permanently enable itagain or use --enablerepo for temporary usage:yum-config-manager --disable <repoid>orsubscription-manager repos --disable=<repoid>5. Configure the failing repository to be skipped, if it is unavailable.Note that yum will try to contact the repo. when it runs most commands,so will have to try and fail each time (and thus. yum will be be muchslower). If it is a very temporary problem though, this is often a nicecompromise:yum-config-manager --save --setopt=<repoid>.skip_if_unavailable=trueCannot find a valid baseurl for repo: base/7/x86_64

更换yum源

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

安装wget

yum install -y wget

下载CentOS 7的对应的repo文件

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

参考资料：

centos镜像_centos下载地址_centos安装教程-阿里巴巴开源镜像站 (aliyun.com)
CentOS7 yum安装报错“Could not resolve host: mirrorlist.centos.org； Name or service not known“之解决办法（换源）_could not resolve host: mirrorlist.centos.org; nam-CSDN博客
yum无法使用解决方法（比较全，以后如果遇到别的问题还会添加） - 王章章章 - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)

3）安装最新 docker

sudo yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

4）启动& 开机启动docker（enable + start 二合一）

systemctl enable docker --now

5）配置加速

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{"registry-mirrors": ["https://82m9ar63.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker