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Spring Boot 与 Amazon S3：快速上传与下载文件的完整指南

news 2025/6/27 3:06:59

概要

在将 Spring Boot 更新到 3 系列时，由于 javax 需要被替换为 jakarta，因此原先依赖于 javax 的 spring-cloud-starter-aws1 将无法使用（虽然在我本地环境中仍然可以正常工作）。为了确保兼容性，我将依赖关系更改为 jakarta 的 io.awspring.cloud.spring-cloud-aws-starter，但由于信息较少，特此发布一个示例。

环境

Java 17
Spring Boot
- spring-boot-starter-parent：3.2.6
- spring-cloud-aws-dependencies：3.1.1
- spring-cloud-aws-starter
- spring-cloud-aws-starter-s3

示例

以下示例展示了如何将文件（对象）上传到 Amazon S3，并指定存储类为 Intelligent-Tiering。假设从本地环境上传时使用 Intelligent-Tiering，而在 EC2（服务器）环境中上传时使用 Standard（即不指定存储类时的默认值）。

※ 直接相关的部分将被省略。

pom.xml

虽然直接使用 AWS SDK For Java 也是一种选择，但本示例中我们将使用 spring-cloud-aws-starter。

<dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>io.awspring.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-aws-dependencies</artifactId><version>3.1.1</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency></dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies><dependency><groupId>io.awspring.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-aws-starter</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>io.awspring.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-aws-starter-s3</artifactId></dependency>
</dependencies>

在 dependencyManagement 中指定 spring-cloud-aws-dependencies 可以统一管理版本。

`AwsStorageConfig.java`

为了在 Service 类中通过 Autowired 使用 S3Client，需要创建一个配置类并将其注册为 Bean。在 EC2 上可以通过 IAM Role 获取认证信息，但在本地环境中无法获取，因此需要显式指定认证信息。

package com.tamorieeeen.sample.config;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;import software.amazon.awssdk.auth.credentials.AwsBasicCredentials;
import software.amazon.awssdk.auth.credentials.StaticCredentialsProvider;
import software.amazon.awssdk.regions.Region;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.S3Client;
/**** @author rralucard**/
@Configuration
public class AwsStorageConfig {@Value("${spring.cloud.aws.credentials.access-key:unknown}")private String accessKey;@Value("${spring.cloud.aws.credentials.secret-key:unknown}")private String secretKey;@Value("${spring.cloud.aws.region.static:unknown}")private String region;/*** local用*/@Bean("s3Client")@Profile("local")public S3Client s3ClientLocal() {StaticCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = StaticCredentialsProvider.create(AwsBasicCredentials.create(accessKey, secretKey));return S3Client.builder().region(Region.of(region)).credentialsProvider(credentialsProvider).build();}/*** EC2(server)用*/@Bean("s3Client")@Profile("server")public S3Client s3Client() {return S3Client.create();}
}

`application.yml`

本地使用的 application-local.yml 和 EC2（服务器）使用的 application-server.yml 的配置示例。

本地环境：

spring:cloud:aws:credentials:instance-profile: falseaccess-key: SUMPLEACCESSKEY1234secret-key: SumpleSecretKey123456789stack.auto: falseregion:instance-profile: falsestatic: ap-northeast-1s3:bucket: your-bucket-namestorage-class: INTELLIGENT_TIERING

EC2(Server)用

spring:cloud:aws:credentials:instance-profile: trueuseDefaultAwsCredentialsChain: truestack.auto: falseregion:instance-profile: trues3:bucket: your-bucket-namestorage-class: STANDARD

AwsStorageService.java

上传文件使用 MultipartFile 接收，下载时最终会将文件打包成 ResponseEntity<byte[]> 进行返回。

package com.tamorieeeen.sample.service;import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;import software.amazon.awssdk.core.ResponseInputStream;
import software.amazon.awssdk.core.exception.SdkClientException;
import software.amazon.awssdk.core.sync.RequestBody;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.S3Client;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.GetObjectRequest;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.GetObjectResponse;
import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.PutObjectRequest;/**** @author rralucard**/
@Service
public class AwsStorageService {@Value("${spring.cloud.aws.s3.bucket}")private String bucket;@Value("${spring.cloud.aws.s3.storage-class}")private String storageClass;@Autowiredprivate S3Client s3Client;/*** 向s3上传文件* @throws IOException* @throws SdkClientException*/public void uploadFile(String s3Path, MultipartFile file) throws SdkClientException, IOException {PutObjectRequest putObjRequest = PutObjectRequest.builder().bucket(bucket).key(s3Path).storageClass(storageClass).contentType(file.getContentType()).contentLength(file.getSize()).build();byte[] bytes = file.getBytes();try (ByteArrayInputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);) {s3Client.putObject(putObjRequest, RequestBody.fromInputStream(inputStream, bytes.length));}}/*** 从S3下载文件* @throws IOException*/public byte[] download(String s3Path) throws IOException {GetObjectRequest getObjRequest = GetObjectRequest.builder().bucket(bucket).key(s3Path).build();try (ResponseInputStream<GetObjectResponse> resInputStream = s3Client.getObject(getObjRequest);) {return resInputStream.readAllBytes();}}
}