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整合Spring Boot和Pulsar实现可扩展的消息处理

news 2025/7/29 3:24:39

整合Spring Boot和Pulsar实现可扩展的消息处理

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在现代分布式系统中，消息队列是实现异步通信和解耦的重要组件。Apache Pulsar作为一个分布式消息流平台，具备高吞吐、低延迟、多租户支持等优势，是很多高性能消息处理场景的理想选择。本文将介绍如何在Spring Boot项目中整合Pulsar，实现可扩展的消息处理功能。

什么是Apache Pulsar

Apache Pulsar是一个开源的分布式消息流平台，支持多租户、多主题和持久化。Pulsar的架构包括Brokers、Bookies（Apache BookKeeper的存储节点）和ZooKeeper协调服务，提供了高可用性和高性能的消息传递和存储服务。

在Spring Boot中集成Pulsar

为了在Spring Boot项目中使用Pulsar，我们需要以下几个步骤：

添加Maven依赖
配置Pulsar客户端
创建消息生产者
创建消息消费者

1. 添加Maven依赖

首先，我们需要在pom.xml中添加Pulsar的依赖：

<dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.apache.pulsar</groupId><artifactId>pulsar-client</artifactId><version>2.9.1</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId></dependency>
</dependencies>

2. 配置Pulsar客户端

接下来，我们需要创建一个配置类来初始化Pulsar客户端。创建一个名为PulsarConfig的配置类：

package cn.juwatech.config;import org.apache.pulsar.client.api.ClientBuilder;
import org.apache.pulsar.client.api.PulsarClient;
import org.apache.pulsar.client.api.PulsarClientException;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class PulsarConfig {@Beanpublic PulsarClient pulsarClient() throws PulsarClientException {return PulsarClient.builder().serviceUrl("pulsar://localhost:6650").build();}
}

3. 创建消息生产者

我们需要一个消息生产者来发送消息到Pulsar。创建一个名为PulsarProducer的生产者类：

package cn.juwatech.producer;import org.apache.pulsar.client.api.PulsarClient;
import org.apache.pulsar.client.api.Producer;
import org.apache.pulsar.client.api.ProducerBuilder;
import org.apache.pulsar.client.api.PulsarClientException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component
public class PulsarProducer {private final PulsarClient pulsarClient;private Producer<byte[]> producer;@Autowiredpublic PulsarProducer(PulsarClient pulsarClient) {this.pulsarClient = pulsarClient;initProducer();}private void initProducer() {try {ProducerBuilder<byte[]> producerBuilder = pulsarClient.newProducer();this.producer = producerBuilder.topic("my-topic").create();} catch (PulsarClientException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}public void sendMessage(String message) {try {producer.send(message.getBytes());} catch (PulsarClientException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}

4. 创建消息消费者

我们需要一个消息消费者来接收来自Pulsar的消息。创建一个名为PulsarConsumer的消费者类：

package cn.juwatech.consumer;import org.apache.pulsar.client.api.Consumer;
import org.apache.pulsar.client.api.Message;
import org.apache.pulsar.client.api.PulsarClient;
import org.apache.pulsar.client.api.PulsarClientException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;@Component
public class PulsarConsumer {private final PulsarClient pulsarClient;private Consumer<byte[]> consumer;@Autowiredpublic PulsarConsumer(PulsarClient pulsarClient) {this.pulsarClient = pulsarClient;}@PostConstructprivate void initConsumer() {try {this.consumer = pulsarClient.newConsumer().topic("my-topic").subscriptionName("my-subscription").subscribe();startConsumer();} catch (PulsarClientException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}private void startConsumer() {new Thread(() -> {while (true) {try {Message<byte[]> msg = consumer.receive();String message = new String(msg.getData());System.out.println("Received message: " + message);consumer.acknowledge(msg);} catch (PulsarClientException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}).start();}
}

5. 测试Pulsar生产者和消费者

最后，我们编写一个简单的测试类来验证生产者和消费者的工作。创建一个名为PulsarTest的测试类：

package cn.juwatech;import cn.juwatech.producer.PulsarProducer;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;@SpringBootApplication
public class PulsarApplication implements CommandLineRunner {@Autowiredprivate PulsarProducer pulsarProducer;public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(PulsarApplication.class, args);}@Overridepublic void run(String... args) throws Exception {pulsarProducer.sendMessage("Hello, Pulsar!");}
}