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构建个人文件上传服务：Python Flask实现上传和下载完整指南

news 2025/6/28 1:30:41

介绍

在本教程中，我们将学习如何使用Python Flask框架将文件上传到服务器，并使用SQLite数据库来跟踪上传的文件。我们将提供后端代码和一个示例项目的Git链接，以便您可以轻松地跟随本教程。

准备工作

首先，您需要安装Python和Flask框架。您可以按照Flask官方文档上的说明进行安装

pip install flask

项目结构

我们的项目包含以下文件：

app.py：包含Flask应用程序的后端代码
file_mapping.db：SQLite数据库文件，用于跟踪上传的文件
uploads文件夹：用于存储上传的文件

代码解释

import os
import uuid
import sqlite3
from flask import Flask, request, send_from_directory, render_templateapp = Flask(__name__)
UPLOAD_FOLDER = 'uploads'
app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'] = UPLOAD_FOLDER
app.config['MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH'] = 100 * 1024 * 1024  # 设置最大文件上传大小为 100MB# 创建保存文件的目录
if not os.path.exists(UPLOAD_FOLDER):os.makedirs(UPLOAD_FOLDER)# 初始化数据库
conn = sqlite3.connect('file_mapping.db')
c = conn.cursor()
c.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS files(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, original_filename TEXT, new_filename TEXT)''')
conn.commit()
conn.close()@app.route('/')
def index():return render_template("Upload.html")@app.route('/upload', methods=['POST'])
def upload_file():if request.method == 'POST':if 'folder' not in request.files:return 'No folder part'folder = request.files.getlist('folder')try:conn = sqlite3.connect('file_mapping.db')# noinspection PyShadowingNamesc = conn.cursor()for file in folder:if file.filename == '':return '没有选择文件'if file:original_filename = file.filename# 查询数据库，检查文件名是否已经存在c.execute("SELECT id FROM files WHERE original_filename=?", (original_filename,))existing_file = c.fetchone()if existing_file:continueelse:# 生成唯一的文件名new_filename = str(uuid.uuid4()) + os.path.splitext(original_filename)[1]file_path = os.path.join(app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'], new_filename)file.save(file_path)# 存储原始文件名和新文件名的关联关系到数据库c.execute("INSERT INTO files (original_filename, new_filename) VALUES (?, ?)",(original_filename, new_filename))conn.commit()return '文件上传完成'except Exception as e:return '文件上载过程中出错: {}'.format(str(e))finally:conn.close()else:return '请求方法不允许'@app.route('/list_files', methods=['GET'])
def list_files():conn = sqlite3.connect('file_mapping.db')c = conn.cursor()c.execute("SELECT original_filename, new_filename FROM files")files = c.fetchall()conn.close()return render_template('Review.html', files=files)@app.route('/download/<filename>')
def download_file(filename):return send_from_directory(app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'], filename, as_attachment=True)if __name__ == '__main__':app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5001, debug=True)