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Harmony OS UI框架探索笔记

news 2025/7/3 12:12:27

本文探讨了如何将现有的常用架构理论与Arkts和ArkUI结合起来，使代码更有条理，并利用Previewer快速调整布局，同时在不改变代码的情况下运行显示真实数据。

开发环境

Windows 11
DevEco Studio 4.0 Release
Build Version: 4.0.0.600, built on October 17, 2023

运行环境

华为畅享50Pro
HarmonyOS 4.0 API9

初步布局Index

新建一个工程后，首先进入Index页，简单地显示文章列表。

文章数据结构

class Article {title?: stringdesc?: stringlink?: string
}

Index组件

@Entry
@Component
struct Index {@State articles: Article[] = []build() {Row() {Scroll() {Column() {ForEach(this.articles, (item: Article) => {Column() {Text(item.title).fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)Text(item.desc)Text("----------")}}, (item: Article) => {return item.link})}.width('100%')}}.height('100%')}
}

获取数据

异步请求数据

在aboutToAppear()中发送GET请求更新articles数组。

aboutToAppear() {// 请求网络数据axios.get(url).then(response => {// 更新this.articles})
}

分离数据请求和界面逻辑

创建IndexViewModel

将数据请求逻辑移到IndexViewModel中。

@Observed
export default class IndexViewModel {articles?: Array<Article>refreshData() {// 请求网络数据// 更新this.articles}
}

更新Index

@State viewModel: IndexViewModel = new IndexViewModel()aboutToAppear() {this.viewModel.refreshData()
}

使用Mock数据进行预览

IndexViewModelInterface

interface IndexViewModelInterface {articles: Array<Article>refreshData()
}

Mock类

@Observed
export default class IndexViewModelMock implements IndexViewModelInterface {articles: Array<Article> = []refreshData() {this.articles = [{ title: "Mock Title", desc: "Mock Description", link: "mocklink" }]}
}

更新Index以支持Mock数据

@State viewModel: IndexViewModelInterface = new IndexViewModel() // 真实数据
@State viewModel: IndexViewModelInterface = new IndexViewModelMock() // 预览数据

进一步分离UI和数据逻辑

重构IndexContent

build() {Column() {IndexContent({ viewModel: this.viewModel })}
}

Index和IndexPreviewer

@Entry
@Component
struct Index {model: IndexModelBase = new IndexModel()async aboutToAppear() {this.model.refreshData()}build() {Column() {IndexContent({ viewModel: this.model.viewModel })}}
}@Preview
@Component
struct IndexPreviewer {model: IndexModelBase = new IndexModelMock()async aboutToAppear() {this.model.refreshData()}build() {Column() {IndexContent({ viewModel: this.model.viewModel })}}
}

最终架构优化

简化后的Index和IndexPreviewer

@Entry
@Component
struct Index {viewModel: IndexViewModelInterface = new IndexViewModel()async aboutToAppear() {this.viewModel.refreshData()}build() {Column() {IndexContent({ viewModel: this.viewModel })}}
}@Preview
@Component
struct IndexPreviewer {viewModel: IndexViewModelInterface = new IndexViewModelMock()async aboutToAppear() {this.viewModel.refreshData()}build() {Column() {IndexContent({ viewModel: this.viewModel })}}
}

IndexViewModel和IndexViewModelMock实现

@Observed
export default class IndexViewModel implements IndexViewModelInterface {articles: Array<Article> = []title: string = "1"async refreshData(): Promise<void> {this.articles = await this.refreshArticles()this.title = "2"return new Promise(resolve => { resolve() })}async refreshArticles(): Promise<Article[]> {let articles: Array<Article>// 异步请求，返回文章列表return new Promise(resolve => {resolve(articles)})}
}@Observed
export default class IndexViewModelMock implements IndexViewModelInterface {articles: Array<Article> = []title: string = "1"async refreshData(): Promise<void> {this.articles = await this.refreshArticles()this.title = "2"return new Promise(resolve => { resolve() })}refreshArticles(): Promise<Article[]> {return new Promise(resolve => {const articles = [{ title: "Mock Title", desc: "Mock Description", link: "mocklink" }]resolve(articles)})}
}