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Go微服务: Nacos的搭建和基础API的使用

news 2025/7/30 12:25:54

Nacos 概述

文档：https://nacos.io/docs/latest/what-is-nacos/
搭建：https://nacos.io/docs/latest/quickstart/quick-start-docker/
有很多种搭建方式，我们这里使用 docker 来搭建

Nacos 的搭建

这里，我们选择单机模式，简单些，仅仅做一些示例

创建 docker-compose.yaml

version: "3.8"
services:nacos:image: nacos/nacos-server:latestcontainer_name: nacos-standaloneenv_file:- ./config.envvolumes:- ./standalone-logs/:/home/nacos/logsports:- "8848:8848"- "9848:9848"restart: always

这里我们可知，依赖 standalone-logs 目录和 config.env 文件
前者创建即可，后者我们来看下

config.env

PREFER_HOST_MODE=hostname  
MODE=standalone  
NACOS_AUTH_IDENTITY_KEY=serverIdentity  
NACOS_AUTH_IDENTITY_VALUE=security  
NACOS_AUTH_TOKEN=SecretKey012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789

以上这些，都是基于官方文档中，改造过来的
先拉取镜像 $ docker pull nacos/nacos-server
运行 $ docker-compose up -d
访问：http://127.0.0.1:8848/nacos/
用户名/密码：nacos/nacos, 登录后可进行自行修改
创建一个命名空间, 命名为: dev，创建完成后会生成一个命名空间ID
在配置列表的 dev 下，新建配置
- Data ID: test.json
- Group: tt
- 配置内容: { "name": "abc" }

Nacos V2 功能展示

文档：https://github.com/nacos-group/nacos-sdk-go
文档上面有相关示例和说明

1 ）注册服务和获取服务

package mainimport ("fmt""time""github.com/nacos-group/nacos-sdk-go/v2/clients""github.com/nacos-group/nacos-sdk-go/v2/clients/naming_client""github.com/nacos-group/nacos-sdk-go/v2/common/constant""github.com/nacos-group/nacos-sdk-go/v2/vo"
)func registerServiceInstance(client naming_client.INamingClient, param vo.RegisterInstanceParam) {success, err := client.RegisterInstance(param)if !success || err != nil {panic("RegisterServiceInstance failed!" + err.Error())}fmt.Printf("RegisterServiceInstance,param:%+v,result:%+v \n\n", param, success)
}func getService(client naming_client.INamingClient, param vo.GetServiceParam) {service, err := client.GetService(param)if err != nil {panic("GetService failed!" + err.Error())}fmt.Printf("GetService,param:%+v, result:%+v \n\n", param, service)
}func getAllService(client naming_client.INamingClient, param vo.GetAllServiceInfoParam) {service, err := client.GetAllServicesInfo(param)if err != nil {panic("GetAllService failed!")}fmt.Printf("GetAllService,param:%+v, result:%+v \n\n", param, service)
}func main() {//create ServerConfigsc := []constant.ServerConfig{*constant.NewServerConfig("127.0.0.1", 8848, constant.WithContextPath("/nacos")),}//create ClientConfigcc := *constant.NewClientConfig(constant.WithNamespaceId("ff2e8758-33c1-4a88-8005-142cbee91be9"),constant.WithTimeoutMs(5000),constant.WithNotLoadCacheAtStart(true),constant.WithLogDir("nacos/log"),constant.WithCacheDir("nacos/cache"),constant.WithLogLevel("debug"),)// create naming clientclient, err := clients.NewNamingClient(vo.NacosClientParam{ClientConfig:  &cc,ServerConfigs: sc,},)if err != nil {panic(err)}// RegisterregisterServiceInstance(client, vo.RegisterInstanceParam{Ip:          "127.0.0.1",Port:        8848,ServiceName: "demo.go",GroupName:   "tt",// ClusterName: "cluster-a",Weight:    10,Enable:    true,Healthy:   true,Ephemeral: true,Metadata:  map[string]string{"idc": "shanghai"},})time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)//Get service with serviceName, groupName, clustersgetService(client, vo.GetServiceParam{ServiceName: "demo.go",GroupName:   "tt",// Clusters:    []string{"cluster-a"},})//wait for client pull change from servertime.Sleep(3 * time.Second)//GeAllService will get the list of service name//NameSpace default value is public.If the client set the namespaceId, NameSpace will use it.//GroupName default value is DEFAULT_GROUPgetAllService(client, vo.GetAllServiceInfoParam{GroupName: "tt",PageNo:    1,PageSize:  10,})time.Sleep(300000 * time.Second)
}

上面示例实现了注册服务，获取服务的示例, 后续如果需要，可以进行封装
效果如下

可见注册和获取成功

2 ）服务相关的其他功能

2.1 批量注册示例

//BatchRegister
batchRegisterServiceInstance(client, vo.BatchRegisterInstanceParam{ServiceName: "demo.go",GroupName:   "tt",Instances: []vo.RegisterInstanceParam{{Ip:          "127.0.0.1",Port:        8848,Weight:      10,Enable:      true,Healthy:     true,Ephemeral:   true,// ClusterName: "cluster-a",Metadata:    map[string]string{"idc": "shanghai"},}, {Ip:          "127.0.0.1",Port:        8848,Weight:      7,Enable:      true,Healthy:     true,Ephemeral:   true,// ClusterName: "cluster-a",// Metadata:    map[string]string{"idc": "shanghai"},}},
})func batchRegisterServiceInstance(client naming_client.INamingClient, param vo.BatchRegisterInstanceParam) {success, err := client.BatchRegisterInstance(param)if !success || err != nil {panic("BatchRegisterServiceInstance failed!" + err.Error())}fmt.Printf("BatchRegisterServiceInstance,param:%+v,result:%+v \n\n", param, success)
}

2.2 更新服务

func updateServiceInstance(client naming_client.INamingClient, param vo.UpdateInstanceParam) {success, err := client.UpdateInstance(param)if !success || err != nil {panic("UpdateInstance failed!" + err.Error())}fmt.Printf("UpdateServiceInstance,param:%+v,result:%+v \n\n", param, success)
}updateServiceInstance(client, vo.UpdateInstanceParam{Ip:          "127.0.0.1", //update ipPort:        8848,ServiceName: "demo.go",GroupName:   "tt",// ClusterName: "cluster-a",Weight:      10,Enable:      true,Healthy:     true,Ephemeral:   true,Metadata:    map[string]string{"idc": "beijing1"}, //update metadata
})

2.3 订阅服务和取消服务订阅

func subscribe(client naming_client.INamingClient, param *vo.SubscribeParam) {client.Subscribe(param)
}func unSubscribe(client naming_client.INamingClient, param *vo.SubscribeParam) {client.Unsubscribe(param)
}//Subscribe key=serviceName+groupName+cluster
//Note:We call add multiple SubscribeCallback with the same key.
subscribeParam := &vo.SubscribeParam{ServiceName: "demo.go",GroupName:   "tt",SubscribeCallback: func(services []model.Instance, err error) {fmt.Printf("callback return services:%s \n\n", util.ToJsonString(services))},
}
subscribe(client, subscribeParam)// UnSubscribe
unSubscribe(client, subscribeParam)

2.4 获取服务实例

func selectAllInstances(client naming_client.INamingClient, param vo.SelectAllInstancesParam) {instances, err := client.SelectAllInstances(param)if err != nil {panic("SelectAllInstances failed!" + err.Error())}fmt.Printf("SelectAllInstance,param:%+v, result:%+v \n\n", param, instances)
}//SelectAllInstance
//GroupName=DEFAULT_GROUP
selectAllInstances(client, vo.SelectAllInstancesParam{ServiceName: "demo.go",GroupName:   "tt",Clusters:    []string{"cluster-a"},
})func selectInstances(client naming_client.INamingClient, param vo.SelectInstancesParam) {instances, err := client.SelectInstances(param)if err != nil {panic("SelectInstances failed!" + err.Error())}fmt.Printf("SelectInstances,param:%+v, result:%+v \n\n", param, instances)
}//SelectInstances only return the instances of healthy=${HealthyOnly},enable=true and weight>0
//ClusterName=DEFAULT,GroupName=DEFAULT_GROUP
selectInstances(client, vo.SelectInstancesParam{ServiceName: "demo.go",GroupName:   "tt",// Clusters:    []string{"cluster-a"},HealthyOnly: true,
})func selectOneHealthyInstance(client naming_client.INamingClient, param vo.SelectOneHealthInstanceParam) {instances, err := client.SelectOneHealthyInstance(param)if err != nil {panic("SelectOneHealthyInstance failed!")}fmt.Printf("SelectOneHealthyInstance,param:%+v, result:%+v \n\n", param, instances)
}//SelectOneHealthyInstance return one instance by WRR strategy for load balance
//And the instance should be health=true,enable=true and weight>0
//ClusterName=DEFAULT,GroupName=DEFAULT_GROUP
selectOneHealthyInstance(client, vo.SelectOneHealthInstanceParam{ServiceName: "demo.go",GroupName:   "tt",// Clusters:    []string{"cluster-a"},
})

3 ) 配置相关

先在 nacos 的配置文件中，进行数据的配置

再进行编码获取

package mainimport ("fmt""time""github.com/nacos-group/nacos-sdk-go/v2/clients""github.com/nacos-group/nacos-sdk-go/v2/common/constant""github.com/nacos-group/nacos-sdk-go/v2/vo"
)func main() {//create ServerConfigsc := []constant.ServerConfig{*constant.NewServerConfig("127.0.0.1", 8848, constant.WithContextPath("/nacos")),}//create ClientConfigcc := *constant.NewClientConfig(constant.WithNamespaceId("ff2e8758-33c1-4a88-8005-142cbee91be9"),constant.WithTimeoutMs(5000),constant.WithNotLoadCacheAtStart(true),constant.WithLogDir("nacos/log"),constant.WithCacheDir("nacos/cache"),constant.WithLogLevel("debug"),)// create config clientclient, err := clients.NewConfigClient(vo.NacosClientParam{ClientConfig:  &cc,ServerConfigs: sc,},)if err != nil {panic(err)}//get configcontent, err := client.GetConfig(vo.ConfigParam{DataId: "test.json",Group:  "tt",})fmt.Println("GetConfig,config :" + content)time.Sleep(100000000 * time.Second)
}

查看输出

4 ）配置相关的其他功能

4.1 监听配置

//Listen config change,key=dataId+group+namespaceId.
err = client.ListenConfig(vo.ConfigParam{DataId: "test.json",Group:  "tt",OnChange: func(namespace, group, dataId, data string) {fmt.Println("config changed group:" + group + ", dataId:" + dataId + ", content:" + data)},
})

4.2 移除监听

//cancel config change
err = client.CancelListenConfig(vo.ConfigParam{DataId: "test.json",Group:  "tt",
})

4.3 发布配置

	_, err = client.PublishConfig(vo.ConfigParam{DataId:  "test-data",Group:   "test-group",Content: "hello world!",})if err != nil {fmt.Printf("PublishConfig err:%+v \n", err)}

4.4 删除配置

_, err = client.DeleteConfig(vo.ConfigParam{DataId:  "test-data",Group:   "test-group",
})

4.5 搜索配置

searchPage, _ := client.SearchConfig(vo.SearchConfigParam{Search:   "blur",DataId:   "", // 自定义Group:    "", // 自定义PageNo:   1,PageSize: 10,
})
fmt.Printf("Search config:%+v \n", searchPage) // 格式：&{TotalCount:0 PageNumber:1 PagesAvailable:0 PageItems:[]}