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基于Pytorch实现图像分类——基于jupyter

news 2025/8/4 21:11:38

分类任务

网络基本构建与训练方法，常用函数解
torch.nn.functional模块
nn.Module模块

MNIST数据集下载

from pathlib import Path
import requestsDATA_PATH = Path("data")
PATH = DATA_PATH / "mnist"PATH.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)URL = "http://deeplearning.net/data/mnist/"
FILENAME = "mnist.pkl.gz"if not (PATH / FILENAME).exists():content = requests.get(URL + FILENAME).content(PATH / FILENAME).open("wb").write(content)

解压数据集

import pickle
import gzipwith gzip.open((PATH / FILENAME).as_posix(), "rb") as f:((x_train, y_train), (x_valid, y_valid), _) = pickle.load(f, encoding="latin-1")

查阅数据

from matplotlib import pyplot
import numpy as nppyplot.imshow(x_train[0].reshape((28, 28)), cmap="gray")
print(x_train.shape)

from matplotlib import pyplot
import numpy as np
pyplot.imshow(x_train[0].reshape((28, 28)), cmap="gray")
print(x_train.shape)

在这里插入图片描述

网络模型搭建

在这里插入图片描述

import torchx_train, y_train, x_valid, y_valid = map(torch.tensor, (x_train, y_train, x_valid, y_valid)
)
n, c = x_train.shape
x_train, x_train.shape, y_train.min(), y_train.max()
print(x_train, y_train)
print(x_train.shape)
print(y_train.min(), y_train.max())

在这里插入图片描述

常用函数介绍

import torch.nn.functional as Floss_func = F.cross_entropydef model(xb):return xb.mm(weights) + bias
bs = 64
xb = x_train[0:bs]  # a mini-batch from x
yb = y_train[0:bs]
weights = torch.randn([784, 10], dtype = torch.float,  requires_grad = True) 
bs = 64
bias = torch.zeros(10, requires_grad=True)print(loss_func(model(xb), yb))

模型搭建

from torch import nnclass Mnist_NN(nn.Module):def __init__(self):super().__init__()self.hidden1 = nn.Linear(784, 128)self.hidden2 = nn.Linear(128, 256)self.out  = nn.Linear(256, 10)def forward(self, x):x = F.relu(self.hidden1(x))x = F.relu(self.hidden2(x))x = self.out(x)return x
net = Mnist_NN()
print(net)

Mnist_NN(
(hidden1): Linear(in_features=784, out_features=128, bias=True)
(hidden2): Linear(in_features=128, out_features=256, bias=True)
(out): Linear(in_features=256, out_features=10, bias=True)
)

for name, parameter in net.named_parameters():print(name, parameter,parameter.size())

dataset数据接口

from torch.utils.data import TensorDataset
from torch.utils.data import DataLoadertrain_ds = TensorDataset(x_train, y_train)
train_dl = DataLoader(train_ds, batch_size=bs, shuffle=True)valid_ds = TensorDataset(x_valid, y_valid)
valid_dl = DataLoader(valid_ds, batch_size=bs * 2)def get_data(train_ds, valid_ds, bs):return (DataLoader(train_ds, batch_size=bs, shuffle=True),DataLoader(valid_ds, batch_size=bs * 2),)

一般在训练模型时加上model.train()，这样会正常使用Batch Normalization和 Dropout
测试的时候一般选择model.eval()，这样就不会使用Batch Normalization和 Dropout

import numpy as np
from torch import optim
def fit(steps, model, loss_func, opt, train_dl, valid_dl):for step in range(steps):model.train()for xb, yb in train_dl:loss_batch(model, loss_func, xb, yb, opt)model.eval()with torch.no_grad():losses, nums = zip(*[loss_batch(model, loss_func, xb, yb) for xb, yb in valid_dl])val_loss = np.sum(np.multiply(losses, nums)) / np.sum(nums)print('当前step:'+str(step), '验证集损失：'+str(val_loss))def get_model():model = Mnist_NN()return model, optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.001)
def loss_batch(model, loss_func, xb, yb, opt=None):loss = loss_func(model(xb), yb)if opt is not None:loss.backward()opt.step()opt.zero_grad()return loss.item(), len(xb)
train_dl, valid_dl = get_data(train_ds, valid_ds, bs)
model, opt = get_model()
fit(25, model, loss_func, opt, train_dl, valid_dl)