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WPF中嵌入3D模型通用结构

news 2025/8/24 23:05:48

背景：wpf本身有提供3D的绘制，但是自己通过代码描绘出3D是比较困难的。3D库helix-toolkit支持调用第三方生成的模型，比如Blender这些，所以在wpf上使用3D就变得非常简单。这里是一个通过helix-toolkit库调用第三方生成的3d模型的样例：

1、安装NuGet包：HelixToolkit.Wpf

2、xaml界面中设置相机和光源等参数

引入helix-toolkit命名空间：xmlns:ht="http://helix-toolkit.org/wpf"

<ht:HelixViewport3DName="viewport"DefaultCamera="{Binding ElementName=viewport, Path=Camera}"MouseDown="Viewport_MouseDown"ShowCoordinateSystem="True"><ht:HelixViewport3D.Camera><PerspectiveCameraFieldOfView="80"LookDirection="-100,-100,-100"Position="100,100,100"UpDirection="0,0,1"><!--<PerspectiveCamera.Transform><RotateTransform3D CenterX="0" CenterY="0" CenterZ="0"><RotateTransform3D.Rotation><AxisAngleRotation3D Axis="0,0,1" Angle="0"/></RotateTransform3D.Rotation></RotateTransform3D>
</PerspectiveCamera.Transform>--></PerspectiveCamera></ht:HelixViewport3D.Camera><ht:HelixViewport3D.RotateGesture><MouseGesture MouseAction="LeftClick" /></ht:HelixViewport3D.RotateGesture><ht:HelixViewport3D.PanGesture><MouseGesture MouseAction="RightClick" /></ht:HelixViewport3D.PanGesture><!--  光源  --><ModelVisual3D><ModelVisual3D.Content><Model3DGroup><!--  环境光：提亮整体的环境亮度  --><AmbientLight Color="#999" /><!--  点光源：光影层次感  --><PointLight Position="100,0,100" Color="#DDD" /></Model3DGroup></ModelVisual3D.Content></ModelVisual3D></ht:HelixViewport3D>

3、Code_behind设置点开页面就选择3d模型

public partial class My3D : UserControl
{public My3D(){InitializeComponent();// 加载外部3D模型文件Model3DGroup modelGroup = null;var openFileDialog = new Microsoft.Win32.OpenFileDialog(){Filter = "3D模型文件 (*.obj, *.stl, *.ply)|*.obj;*.stl;*.ply"};if (openFileDialog.ShowDialog() == true){var importer = new ModelImporter();modelGroup = importer.Load(openFileDialog.FileName);}// 将加载的模型添加到Viewport3D中if (modelGroup != null){var modelVisual = new ModelVisual3D();modelVisual.Content = modelGroup;viewport.Children.Add(modelVisual);}}private void Viewport_MouseDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e){Point mousePos = e.GetPosition(viewport);// 执行拾取操作HitTestResult hitTestResult = VisualTreeHelper.HitTest(viewport, mousePos);if (hitTestResult != null && hitTestResult.VisualHit is ModelVisual3D){// 获取点击到的ModelVisual3D对象ModelVisual3D clickedVisual = (ModelVisual3D)hitTestResult.VisualHit;// 进一步处理点击到的物体// 例如，获取其名称、执行相应的操作等MessageBox.Show("点击到了物体");}else{MessageBox.Show("没有点击到什么啊");}}
}

--方法Viewport_MouseDown中判断有没有点击中了我们自己导入的模型

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