当前位置：首页 > news >正文

k8s1.28.8版本安装prometheus并持久化数据

news 2025/8/9 16:03:57

本文参考

[k8s安装prometheus并持久化数据_/prometheus-config-reloader:-CSDN博客](https://blog.csdn.net/vic_qxz/article/details/119598466)

前置要求: 已经部署了NFS或者其他存储的K8s集群.

这里注意networkpolicies网络策略问题，可以后面删除这个策略，这里可以查看我之前的文档。

部署kube-prometheus

这里是配置好才执行这个，我们还没有配置存储什么的需要进行修改

  $ git clone https://github.com/coreos/kube-prometheus.git  #版本最新的是0.13.0
$ kubectl create -f manifests/setup
$ until kubectl get servicemonitors --all-namespaces ; do date; sleep 1; echo ""; done
kubectl create -f manifests/  #如果资源已经存在，则会报错
kubectl apply -f  跟这个一样   #如果资源已经存在，则会进行更新详解一下   
2. `kubectl create -f manifests/setup`: 使用 `kubectl` 命令创建 Kubernetes 资源，这些资源位于 manifests/setup 目录下。一般来说，这个命令会创建一些必要的资源，比如 ServiceAccount、ClusterRole 和 ClusterRoleBinding 等，用于配置 Prometheus 和 Grafana 在 Kubernetes 中的权限。3. `until kubectl get servicemonitors --all-namespaces ; do date; sleep 1; echo ""; done`: 这是一个循环命令，它会持续执行 `kubectl get servicemonitors --all-namespaces` 命令，直到能够成功获取到所有命名空间中的 ServiceMonitor 资源。ServiceMonitor 是 Prometheus Operator 中的一种资源类型，用于指定 Prometheus 服务器应该如何监控应用程序。在这个命令中，通过 `until` 循环检查是否已经创建了所有的 ServiceMonitor 资源。4. `kubectl create -f manifests/`: 使用 `kubectl` 命令创建 Kubernetes 资源，这些资源位于 manifests/ 目录下。在这个命令中，一般会创建 Prometheus、Alertmanager、Grafana 等监控相关的资源。

持久化数据我这里用的是NFS创建动态的pv
我的storageclass名称是nfs-storageclass

root@k8s-master01:~/test/prometheus/kube-prometheus-0.13.0# kubectl get sc
NAME                  PROVISIONER              RECLAIMPOLICY   VOLUMEBINDINGMODE      ALLOWVOLUMEEXPANSION   AGE
managed-nfs-storage   fuseim.pri/ifs           Delete          Immediate              false                  4d20h
nfs-storageclass      prometheus-nfs-storage   Retain          Immediate              false                  16h

kube-prometheus的组件简介及配置变更

1.从整体架构看，prometheus 一共四大组件。 exporter 通过接口暴露监控数据， prometheus-server 采集并存储数据， grafana 通过prometheus-server查询并友好展示数据， alertmanager 处理告警，对外发送

prometheus-operator

prometheus-operator 服务是deployment方式部署，他是整个基础组件的核心，他监控我们自定义的 prometheus 和alertmanager，并生成对应的 statefulset。就是prometheus和alertmanager服务是通过他部署出来的。

修改配置文件

grafana-pvc

创建grafana的存储卷. 并修改grafana-deployment.yaml文件, 将官方的emptyDir更换为persistentVolumeClaim

1.创建pvc

$ cd kube-prometheus/manifests/
$ cat  grafana-pvc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:# PersistentVolumeClaim 名称name: grafananamespace: monitoringannotations:# 与 nfs-storageClass.yaml metadata.name 保持一致volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class: "nfs-storageclass" 
spec:# 使用的存储类为 nfs-storageclassstorageClassName: "nfs-storageclass"# 访问模式为 ReadWriteManyaccessModes:- ReadWriteMany#- ReadWriteOnceresources:# 存储请求为 50Girequests:storage: 50Gi $ kubectl apply -f grafana-pvc.yaml

2.修改默认的grafana配置文件

$ vim grafana-deployment.yaml...##找到 grafana-storage, 添加上面创建的pvc: grafana. 然后保存.volumes:- name: grafana-storagepersistentVolumeClaim:claimName: grafana
...$ kubectl apply -f grafana-deployment.yaml

prometheus-k8s持久化

prometheus-server 获取各端点数据并存储与本地，创建方式为自定义资源 crd中的prometheus。创建自定义资源prometheus后，会启动一个statefulset，即prometheus-server. 默认是没有配置持久化存储的

1.修改配置文件

$ cd kube-prometheus/manifests/
$ vim prometheus-prometheus.yaml  
apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
kind: Prometheus
metadata:labels:prometheus: k8sname: k8snamespace: monitoring
spec:alerting:alertmanagers:- name: alertmanager-mainnamespace: monitoringport: webstorage: #这部分为持久化配置volumeClaimTemplate:spec:storageClassName: nfs-23 accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]resources:requests:storage: 100GinodeSelector:kubernetes.io/os: linuxpodMonitorNamespaceSelector: {}podMonitorSelector: {}replicas: 2resources:requests:memory: 400MiruleSelector:matchLabels:prometheus: k8srole: alert-rulessecurityContext:fsGroup: 2000runAsNonRoot: truerunAsUser: 1000serviceAccountName: prometheus-k8sserviceMonitorNamespaceSelector: {}serviceMonitorSelector: {}version: v2.17.2

执行变更, 这里会自动创建两个指定大小的pv（prometheus-k8s-0，prometheus-k8s-1）

$ kubectl apply -f manifests/prometheus-prometheus.yaml

修改存储时长

$ vim manifests/setup/prometheus-operator-deployment.yaml
....- args:- --kubelet-service=kube-system/kubelet- --logtostderr=true- --config-reloader-image=jimmidyson/configmap-reload:v0.3.0- --prometheus-config-reloader=quay.io/coreos/prometheus-config-reloader:v0.39.0- storage.tsdb.retention.time=180d   ## 修改存储时长
....
$ kubectl apply -f manifests/setup/prometheus-operator-deployment.yaml

添加ingress访问grafana和promethues

这里访问是有问题的，参照我kubernetes-networkpolicies网络策略问题这篇文章解决

$ cat ingress.yml 
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:annotations:k8s.eip.work/workload: grafanak8s.kuboard.cn/workload: grafanageneration: 2labels:app: grafananame: grafananamespace: monitoring
spec:rules:- host: k8s-moni.fenghong.techhttp:paths:- backend:serviceName: grafanaservicePort: httppath: /
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:annotations:k8s.kuboard.cn/workload: prometheus-k8sgeneration: 2labels:app: prometheusprometheus: k8smanagedFields:- apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1name: prometheus-k8snamespace: monitoring
spec:rules:- host: k8s-prom.fenghong.techhttp:paths:- backend:serviceName: prometheus-k8sservicePort: webpath: /

执行apply

## 安装 ingress controller
$ kubectl apply -f https://kuboard.cn/install-script/v1.18.x/nginx-ingress.yaml## 暴露grafana及prometheus服务
$ kubectl apply -f ingress.yml

web访问

配置kube-prometheus监控额外的项目

添加additional-scrape-configs配置文件. 例如

$ cat monitor/add.yaml 
- job_name: 'prometheus'# metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'# scheme defaults to 'http'.static_configs:- targets: ['192.168.0.23:9100', '192.168.0.21:9101', '192.168.0.61:9100', '192.168.0.62:9100', '192.168.0.63:9100', '192.168.0.64:9100', '192.168.0.89:9100', '192.168.0.11:9100']
- job_name: 'mysql'static_configs:- targets: ['192.168.0.21:9104','192.168.0.23:9104']
- job_name: 'nginx'static_configs:- targets: ['192.168.0.23:9913']- job_name: 'elasticsearch'metrics_path: "/_prometheus/metrics"static_configs:- targets: ['192.168.0.31:9200']

创建secret文件, 我这里部署到了monitoring 命名空间.

$ kubectl create secret generic additional-scrape-configs --from-file=add.yaml --dry-run -oyaml  > additional-scrape-configs.yaml
$ kubectl apply -f additional-scrape-configs.yaml  -n monitoring

在prometheus-prometheus.yaml中添加 additionalScrapeConfigs 选项.

$  cat prometheus-prometheus.yaml 
apiVersion: monitoring.coreos.com/v1
kind: Prometheus
metadata:labels:prometheus: k8sname: k8snamespace: monitoring
spec:alerting:alertmanagers:- name: alertmanager-mainnamespace: monitoringport: webstorage: #这部分为持久化配置volumeClaimTemplate:spec:storageClassName: nfs-23 accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]resources:requests:storage: 100Giimage: quay.io/prometheus/prometheus:v2.17.2nodeSelector:kubernetes.io/os: linuxpodMonitorNamespaceSelector: {}podMonitorSelector: {}replicas: 3 resources:requests:memory: 400MiruleSelector:matchLabels:prometheus: k8srole: alert-rulessecurityContext:fsGroup: 2000runAsNonRoot: truerunAsUser: 1000serviceAccountName: prometheus-k8sserviceMonitorNamespaceSelector: {}serviceMonitorSelector: {}version: v2.17.2additionalScrapeConfigs:name: additional-scrape-configskey: add.yaml

执行apply即可

$ kubectl apply -f prometheus-prometheus.yaml

其他系统的访问

参考文档

[Kube-prometheus部署Ingress为Prometheus-Grafana开启https_kube-prometheu配置ingress-CSDN博客](https://blog.csdn.net/Happy_Sunshine_Boy/article/details/107955691)

Prometheus

基于访问路径过滤

修改yaml：kube-prometheus-0.5.0/manifests/prometheus-prometheus.yaml
在参数下：image: quay.io/prometheus/prometheus:v2.15.2，添加如下参数：
externalUrl: https://master170.k8s:30443/prometheus

kubectl apply -f prometheus-prometheus.yaml

配置：ingress-tls.yaml

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:annotations:kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginxnginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/use-regex: "true"nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/enable-cors: "true"nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /$2name: prometheus-k8snamespace: monitoring
spec:rules:- host: #写你的域名http:paths:- path: /prometheus(/|$)(.*)pathType: ImplementationSpecificbackend:service:name: prometheus-k8sport:number: 9090

访问prometheus时，都要带上“prometheus”：
举例：
https://master170.k8s:30443/prometheus/graph

AlertManager

修改yaml：manifests/alertmanager-alertmanager.yaml
在参数下：image: quay.io/prometheus/alertmanager:v0.20.0，添加如下参数：
externalUrl: https://master170.k8s:30443/alertmanager

配置：ingress-tls.yaml

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:annotations:kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginxnginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/use-regex: "true"nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/enable-cors: "true"nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /$2name: prometheus-k8snamespace: monitoring
spec:rules:- host: #写你的域名http:paths:#   - path: /prometheus(/|$)(.*)#     pathType: ImplementationSpecific#     backend:#       service:#         name: prometheus-k8s#         port:#           number: 9090- path: /alertmanager(/|$)(.*)pathType: ImplementationSpecificbackend:service:name: alertmanager-mainport:number: 9093

访问alertmanager时，都要带上“alertmanager”：
https://master170.k8s:30443/alertmanager/#/alerts