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hadoop 常用命令

news 2025/8/17 15:13:13

hadoop 常用命令

hadoop fs -mkdir /test
hadoop fs -put /opt/frank/tb_test03.txt /test/
hadoop fs -ls /test/
hadoop fs -cat /test/tb_test03.txt
hadoop fs -rm /test/tb_test03.txt

hadoop dfs 也能使用、但不推荐，执行会提示：

DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute hdfs command is deprecated.
Instead use the hdfs command for it.

常看hdfs系统使用情况
hadoop fs -du -s -h /

Hive LOAD 语法

LOAD DATA [ LOCAL ] INPATH {file_path} [ OVERWRITE ] INTO TABLE { table_name } [ PARTITION(partition_colname1="val1", partition_colname2="val2",)... ];

LOAD 示例：
-- 从本地OS系统目录加载文件到Hive表
LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/opt/frank/tb_test03.txt' INTO TABLE tb_test03;
LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/opt/frank/tb_test03.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE tb_test03;
LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/opt/frank/tb_test04_pt.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE tb_test04_pt PARTITION(pt="20240101");

-- 从HDFS系统目录加载文件到Hive表
hadoop fs -put /opt/frank/tb_test03.txt /test/
LOAD DATA INPATH '/test/tb_test03.txt' INTO TABLE tb_test03;

slave 节点查看 datanode 服务状态：
$ jps -v |grep DataNode
$ hadoop dfsadmin -report

slave 节点重启（停止、启动） datanode 服务：
$ ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh stop datanode
$ ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

查看 HDFS 文件中系统的DFS使用情况：
$ hadoop fs -du -s -h /

垃圾清理（多次执行）：
$ hadoop fs -expunge

datanode 使用率占满&配置容量显示为0的问题【DFS Used%: 100.00% & Configured Capacity: 0 (0 B)】
$ hadoop dfsadmin -report
查看到使用率占满，显示：
DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute hdfs command is deprecated.
Instead use the hdfs command for it.

Configured Capacity: 0 (0 B)
Present Capacity: 0 (0 B)
DFS Remaining: 0 (0 B)
DFS Used: 0 (0 B)
DFS Used%: NaN%
Under replicated blocks: 76125
Blocks with corrupt replicas: 0
Missing blocks: 76125
Missing blocks (with replication factor 1): 21993

-------------------------------------------------
Live datanodes (1):

Name: 192.168.1.188:50010 (hadoop01)
Hostname: hadoop01
Decommission Status : Normal
Configured Capacity: 0 (0 B)
DFS Used: 0 (0 B)
Non DFS Used: 0 (0 B)
DFS Remaining: 0 (0 B)
DFS Used%: 100.00%
DFS Remaining%: 0.00%
Configured Cache Capacity: 0 (0 B)
Cache Used: 0 (0 B)
Cache Remaining: 0 (0 B)
Cache Used%: 100.00%
Cache Remaining%: 0.00%
Xceivers: 0
Last contact: Mon Mar 25 17:02:43 CST 2024

配置容量显示为0了：
Configured Capacity: 0 (0 B)

尝试多种方法、最终原因是 slave 中配置的 datanode 节点 hostname 配置成了 localhost 而导致的问题。
vi salve 把配置的 datanode 主机名配置为 hadoop01 后，重启 datanode 服务，问题就解决了。

$ ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh stop datanode
$ ./sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode
$ hadoop dfsadmin -report
DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute hdfs command is deprecated.
Instead use the hdfs command for it.

Configured Capacity: 98337751040 (91.58 GB)
Present Capacity: 65340043264 (60.85 GB)
DFS Remaining: 61911707648 (57.66 GB)
DFS Used: 3428335616 (3.19 GB)
DFS Used%: 5.25%
Under replicated blocks: 73720
Blocks with corrupt replicas: 0
Missing blocks: 82
Missing blocks (with replication factor 1): 21993

-------------------------------------------------
Live datanodes (1):

Name: 192.168.1.188:50010 (hadoop01)
Hostname: hadoop01
Decommission Status : Normal
Configured Capacity: 98337751040 (91.58 GB)
DFS Used: 3428335616 (3.19 GB)
Non DFS Used: 32997707776 (30.73 GB)
DFS Remaining: 61911707648 (57.66 GB)
DFS Used%: 3.49%
DFS Remaining%: 62.96%
Configured Cache Capacity: 0 (0 B)
Cache Used: 0 (0 B)
Cache Remaining: 0 (0 B)
Cache Used%: 100.00%
Cache Remaining%: 0.00%
Xceivers: 1
Last contact: Mon Mar 25 17:27:05 CST 2024

Hive建表和LOAD数据：

-- 普通表（TextFile存储格式）
drop table if exists testdb.tb_test03;
create table testdb.tb_test03 (
id int,
info string,
cnt bigint)
-- partitioned by (pt_sheng string)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' LINES TERMINATED BY '\n'
STORED AS TextFile
-- STORED AS INPUTFORMAT
-- 'org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextInputFormat'
-- OUTPUTFORMAT
-- 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
LOCATION 'hdfs://192.168.1.188:9000/user/hive/warehouse/testdb.db/tb_test03'
;

-- hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse/testdb.db/tb_test03.txt

show tables;
show create table testdb.tb_test03;
select * from testdb.tb_test03;

-- 方法1：
$ echo '1,jack,95
2,frank,96
3,lucy,97
4,hack,99' > /opt/frank/tb_test03.txt

-- hiveSQL: load from Local OS dir
LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/opt/frank/tb_test03.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE tb_test03;

-- 方法2：
-- shell_cmd: 先拷贝到 hdfs, 再从 hdfs 路径 load
-- $ hadoop fs -rm /frank/tb_test03.txt
-- $ hadoop fs -put /opt/frank/tb_test03.txt /frank/
-- $ hadoop fs -cat /frank/tb_test03.txt
-- -- hiveSQL: load from HDFS FileSystem dir
-- LOAD DATA INPATH '/frank/tb_test03.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE tb_test03;
select * from tb_test03;

-- load后会在配置文件决定的固定目录下产生一个表名对应的目录，目录下为对应的数据文件
$ hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse/testdb.db/tb_test03/

drop table if exists testdb.tb_test03;
create table testdb.tb_test03 (
id int,
info string,
cnt bigint)
-- partitioned by (pt_sheng string)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' LINES TERMINATED BY '\n'
-- STORED AS TextFile
STORED AS TextFile
'org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextInputFormat'
OUTPUTFORMAT
'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
LOCATION 'hdfs://192.168.1.188:9000/user/hive/warehouse/testdb.db/tb_test03'
;

show tables;
show create table testdb.tb_test03;
select * from testdb.tb_test03;

-- 分区表（TextFile存储格式）
drop table if exists testdb.tb_test04_pt;
create table testdb.tb_test04_pt (
id int,
info string,
cnt bigint)
PARTITIONED BY (pt string)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' LINES TERMINATED BY '\n'
STORED AS TextFile
LOCATION 'hdfs://192.168.1.188:9000/user/hive/warehouse/testdb.db/tb_test04_pt'
;

show tables;
show create table testdb.tb_test04_pt;
select * from testdb.tb_test04_pt;

echo '1,jack,95
2,frank,96
3,lucy,97
4,hack,99' > /opt/frank/tb_test04_pt.txt

LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/opt/frank/tb_test04_pt.txt' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE tb_test04_pt PARTITION(pt="20240101");

如果创建 PARQUET 存储格式的表则指定 STORED AS PARQUET

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